高三英语语法复习之形容词

形容词与副词语法(4)二、形容词的构成1.由后缀构成的形容词后缀例词-ernnorthern,southern,western,eastern,modern-ishfoolish,feverish,British,Swedish,Irish-iveactive,expensive,native,instructive-iousserious,curious,obvious,anxious,mysterious,religious-ablecomfortable,reasonable,valuable,unable-alNational,natural,political,usual,special,normal-anAmerican,Australian,Russian,Italian,Egyptian-antpleasant,constant,important,distant-aryrevolutionary,necessary,ordinary,primary,military-fulcareful,beautiful,wonderful,useful,harmful,successful-lesscareless,wireless,useless,harmless,airless,fearless-lyfriendly,lonely,likely,lovely,orderly,lively,deadlycomradely,soldierly,manly,brotherly,yearly,monthly,weekly,daily-somehandsome,troublesome,tiresome,quarrelsome-ousfamous,dangerous,nervous,continuous-yhealthy,noisy,windy,rainy,sunny,cloudy,foggy,dirty,hungry,angry,funny四、副词的分类时间副词now,then,today,tomorrow,ago,lately,soon,immediately,often,usually,early地点副词outside,upstairs,anywhere,up,forward,here,there,away,in,back,off方式副词simply,quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,again,once,easily,together程度副词very,quite,rather,extremely,completely,widely,partly,perfectly,badly,too疑问副词when,where,why,how关系副词when,where,why(引导定语从句)连接副词when,where,why,how(引导名词性从句和副词性从句)其他surely,certainly,really,however,therefore,perhaps,moreover,yes,no形容词和副词的比较级和最高级•1.表示倍数的三个句型1.…timesas+adj.(原级)+asThistableisthreetimesasbigasthatone.2.…timesthe+性质名词+of…Thistableisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.3.…times+adj.(比较级)+than…Thistableisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.***注意：Theoutputofcarsin2003issixtimesthatof2000.Theoutputofcarsin2003issixtimeswhatitwasin2000.2同程度级的比较，用as…as,thesameas,such…as引导：•HenryisasgoodaworkerasPeter(is).•=HenryissuchagoodworkerasPeter(is).•Henrydoesnothaveso/asmanybooksasIhave.•Hisnameisthesameashisfather’s(name).•3.表示比例的句型：•The+比较级…,the+比较级…•Themoreticketsyousell,themoremoneyyouwillget.•Thelongeryoustay,thebetter(itwillbe).4.比较级+比较级，表示“越来越…”•Heranfasterandfaster.•Thenewcityisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.5.用介词by表示相差的程度：•SheistallerthanIbythreeinches.•Imissedthelasttrainbyoneminute.6.一个人的两种性质的比较，用more…than结构：•—Annactsquiteunfriendly.•—Ithinkshe’smoreshythanunfriendly.与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。•Heismorelikeabeastthanlikeahumanbeing.7.否定+比较级=最高级•为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。•Thereisnogreaterlovethanthatofamanwholaysdownhislifeforhisfriends.•他过了最担心的一天。•Hehasneverspentamoreworryingday.•8.比较的对象不能相互包容，注意:“比较级+than+”TheMississippiRiverislongerthananyotherriverintheUnitedStates.ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia/anycountryinAfrica.+theother+复数名词+anyother+单数名词+anyoftheother+复数名词+anything/anyoneelse｛9.修饰比较级的修饰语常见的有：•rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句)，alot,alittle,agreatdeal,byfar,abit,threetimes等，例如：•Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.•Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.•修饰最高级的有序数词;byfar,Eg:ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。10.比较的对象应该相同。•TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.•Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthose(made)inyourfactory.•ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofanyothercountryintheworld.(人口与人口相比，出现代词that)•Chinahasalargerpopulationthananyothercountryintheworld.(国家与国家相比较)11.比较状语从句中代动词的使用。•BoblooksyoungerthanI_____.A.amB.doC.lookD.did•Boblooksyoungerthanhe_____.A.doesB.looksC.isD.was•BoblookedyoungerthanI_____.A.doB.amC.lookedD.did•Iknowyoubetterthanhe_____.A.doB.isC.doesD.was•Iknowyoubetterthan_____.A.heB.hisC.himD.sheB.doC.isD.didC.doesC.him12.注意no+比较级+than的特殊含义•AisnomorecarefulthanB.•-----A和B两人都不仔细。•AisnolesscarefulthanB.•-----A和B两人都很仔细。•AisnotmorecarefulthanB.•-----A不如B仔细。•AisnotlesscarefulthanB.•-----A的仔细程度并不弱于B。13.注意比较结构中的省略现象：•—Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?•—Ihaveneverseenabetterone.(后边省略了thanthisfilm)•Tom’scomposition,ifnotbetter(后边省略了thanJack’s),isatleastasgoodasJack’s.•Thepianosintheothershopwillbecheaper,butnotasgood.(后边省略了astheonesinthisshop)这种省略现象给正确判断造成一定的障碍，在高考题中出现率高，应引起足够的重视。14.无比较级、最高级的形容词和副词常见的有：•(1)表示比较、特殊意义的：•comparative(ly),relative(ly),particular(ly),special(ly)•(2)表示绝对意义的：•absolute(ly),unexpected(ly),entire(ly),excellent(ly),perfect(ly),total(ly),thorough(ly),whole(wholly),complete(ly)•(3)表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的：•extreme(ly),main(ly),major,minor,chief(ly),senior,junior•(4)表示性质的：•economic,social,scientific,wooden,earthen,golden,woolen•(5)表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的：•only,matchless,single,round,square,level,very(正是的)，own,favorite,simply,hardly,scarcely形容词和副词的用法要点•一、多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序•如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如：asmallwonderfulgift.•限定词(these,those,the,a(n))+数量形容词three+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large,long,high)+新旧(new/old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(wood)+用途(writing)+被修饰词。•最近的这些日子•alltheselastfewdays•一些美丽的小红花•somebeautifullittleredflowers•一堵高高的红砖墙•ahighredbrickwall•一辆漂亮的白色的中国军用吉普车•abeautifulwhiteChinesemilitaryjeep(these,days,last,few,all)(beautiful,red,little,flowers,some)(high,a,wall,brick,red)(white,a,beautiful,Chinese,jeep,military)二、形容词作定语后置的几种情况•1.当形容词修饰不定代词one,no,any,some和every构成的复合词，如:something,anything,nothing时。如：•--Isthereanythingnewintoday’snewspaper?--N