武汉市湿地分布现状调查与分析

4220066WETLANDSCIENCEVol.4No.2June,2006:2005-10-17;:2006-04-22:(20026002094),(2002AA301C118),(05165):(1985-),,,,E-mai:[e-mail]*:,E-mai:[e-mail]向闱,刘苏,刘胜祥*(,430079):(2000516),,,5,,,,:;;;:P962:A:1672-5948(2006)02-155-0629b58cN~31b22cN,113b41cE~115b05cE8494.41km2,,,,,,,[1],,,;,,/0,1/,,1.12000516TM1~7,EOSATFas,t,,GPS1.2ERDAS,,,,[2],,,,ErdasImaging8.5RasterAOI,;ErdasImaging8.5IAODATA,10,,GPS,,,,[3],[3]156422.1[4][5],,(1,1)3148.24km2,37.62%,1438.62km2,16.38%;1757.09km2,20.68%12000Fig.1DistributionofwetlandsinWuhancityin20001Table1TypesandAreasofWetlandsinWuhancity(km2)(%)268305241.482.84218822196.942.321067716960.9411.314362439.260.46462.495.441294.6015.243195.7137.622.1.1河流湿地438.42km2,5.16%,,5km172(),115,57,,2.1.2湖泊湿地,960.94km2,11.31%,2003,164,3833.33km27();5km221;0.15km2120[6],[7],()[8~10],,,,/02.1.3沼泽和沼泽化草甸湿地,,39.26km2,0.46%,,,2:157,,52.1.4库塘,273,3,6,850.76km2,9.2536@106km3,4.7496@106km3,1.8279@106km3,881.43km2,665.07km2,41.01%30.31%[3]85947,100km2,[3]2.1.5水稻田22*Table2TheareasofpaddyfieldsinvariousdistrictsofWuhancity(km2)1.000.51.033.072.428.2151.2282.5442273.29.6(%)0.0800.040.082.375.592.1811.6821.823.4121.100.74*:[3]2.22.2.1湿地分布受地貌因素影响,,,,50m;,,200m5%,,,,,,,,[7~9],,(),,,,,,2.2.2湿地分布受气候因素影响,(),,,,,,30a,1269mm,6~8[11],,,[12]2.2.3湿地分布受人为因素影响,,,,,,,,,3,,,3.13.1.1湿地面积急剧减少,现存湿地处境令人堪忧50a,,,823.76km2[6],,,10a,1584,,,,3.1.2湿地水质污染严重,水体富营养化趋势明显,,,,,[13]200567,:1;30;36,12,17,7[14],,,,,,,3.1.3湿地生态环境日趋恶化,生物多样性急剧下降,,,,,[15],(LipotesvexilliferMiller),[9]3.1.4湿地水土流失现象严重,,,,,[16]3.23.2.1合理制定城市土地利用规划,控制湿地形态,,,,,,[17]3.2.2加强湿地水污染控制,,,,,,,,,,3.2.3湿地保护与合理利用相结合,发挥湿地的生态功能,,,,,,[18];,3.2.4加强武汉湿地资源调查,建立数据库和管理体系,,,,,,[17-19]3.2.5加强湿地管理和立法建设,,,,,3.2.6加强宣传教育,提高公众湿地保护意识,,,:[1].[M].:,2:1591995.[2].[J].,2001,:6~8.[3].2003[M].:,2003.[4].[J].,2001,14(1):1~7.[5].()[Z].1997.[6],.[M].:,2003.[7],,.[J].,2004,23(4):358~365.[8],,.[J].,2002,11(5):437~441.[9],,,.[J].,2004,1(1):38~40.[10],,,.[J].,2003,2:11~15.[11].[J].(),2005,19(5):6~10,30[12].[M].:,1992:6~10.[13].[J].,2005,26(5):70~72.[14].2005[R].20063.[15],,,.[J].,2005,14(4):422~428.[16],.[J].,2003,19(1):70~731.[17],.[J].,2003,1(1):7~11.[18].[J].,2005,3(4):298~301.[19].[M].:,2000.InvestigationandAnalysisofDistributionofWetlandsintheCityofWuhanXIANGWe,iLIUSu,LIUSheng-Xiang(CollegeofLifeScience,CentralChinaNormalUniversity,WuhanHubei430079,P.R.China)Abstract:ItisnecessarytocompartmentalizethewetlandtypeofthecityofWuhanandcalculatetheareaofeachkindoftheminordertogivesuggestiontoprotectthewetlands.UsingLandsatelliteTMimageonMay16,2000andintegratingRSandGIStechnology,thecurrenttotalareaanddistributionofwetlandsinthecitywereinvestigated,andthenclassificationandcharacteristicsofwetlandsinstudyregionwereanalyzed.TheimagedataweredealtwithERDASsoftware.Itwasshowedthatthetotalareaofwetlandsinthecitywas3148.24km2,whichwasnearly37.62%ofthecityarea.Andthenaturalwetlandareareached1438.62km2,whichwasnearly16.38%ofthecityarea.Constructedwetlandareawas1757.09km2,20.68%ofthecityarea.Themainwetlandtypesinthecityincludedriver,lake,marsh,reservoir,pondandpaddyfieldetc.Theriverareawasabout438.42km2,whichaccountedforthe5.16%ofthecityarea.Andtherewere164lakesinthecity.Mostofthelakeswerefreshwaterlakes.Thetotalareaofthemwas960.94km2,whichaccountedfor11.31%ofthecityarea,38ofthemweredistributedintheurbanareaandtherewere7largelakes,21middlelakes,and120smalllakeswhichwerelargerthan0.15km2.Theareaofmarshesandmarshmeadowwetlandsdistributedseparatelywas39.26km2,whichaccountedfornearly0.46%ofthecityarea.Theyweremainlydistributedonthefloodplainofthelakeandriver,inwhichthelargestpartwasinCaidiandistric.tThemaintypeofmarshesandthemarshmeadowwetlandinthecitywastheherbagemarsh,includingfivetypes.Theres-ervoirsandpondsareawas462.49km2,5.44%ofthecityarea.Thereservoirsandpondsweremainlydistrib-utedinHuangpidistric,tXinzhoudistric,tJiangxiadistric,tCaidiandistrictandHongshandistric.tThenumberofthereservoirsandpondswere273andthestoreroomcubagewas9.2536@106km3insums,amongwhichtherewere3largereservoirsand6middlereservoirs.Meanwhiletheareaofpaddywetlandswas1294.6km2,15.24%ofthecityarea.Thephysiognomyandclimateofthecityandhumanactivitiesweremainfactors,whichaffectedthedistr-i1604butionofthewetlands;especiallytherapidincreaseofpopulationandthefastextendoftheurbanarea.Thewetlandsweremainlydistributedinthebottomlandofthecity.Andthedistributionofwetlandsindryseasonwasdifferentfromthatinrainseason.Buttheareaofwetlandshasbeendecreasingyearbyyear,forexample,thenumberoflakesintheurbanregiondecreasedfrom127to27onlyover50years.Manybuildingswereestab-lishedonthebankornearthelakes,wherewetlandsdiminished.Meantime,thewaterqualityofwetlandsbe-cameworse.Thewetlandsnearthesuburbwerepollutedbytheindustrywastewater,thecitylifesewageandtheexcessbreedaquatics.Sothealimentationofwaterbecameworseaswel.lThediversityofwetlandsde-ceasedsharply.Becauseofthereductionofthewetlandarea,thenumberofbirds,planktonandthebottom-dwelledanimalsdecreased,especiallytherarehydrophilicanimalsuchasLipotesvexilliferMiller.Andthewa-terandsoilerosionbesidethe