智能无线控制小车设计

学士学位论文I智能无线控制小车设计摘要智能作为现代社会的新产物，是以后的发展方向，他可以按照预先设定的模式在一个特定的环境里自动的运作，无需人为管理，便可以完成预期所要达到的或是更高的目标。随着计算机、网络、机械电子、信息、自动化以及人工智能等技术的飞速发展，移动机器人的研究进入了一个崭新的阶段。目前，智能移动机器人，无人自主车等领域的研究进入了应用的阶段，随着研究的深入，对移动机器人的自主导航能力，实时监控功能，动态避障策略和时间等方面提出了更高的要求。本次设计的简易智能小车，采用AT89C51单片机作为小车的检测和控制核心；采用无线蓝牙来实现对小车运动的状态的控制；采用霍尔元件来测量小车运行速度，旋转角度；采用智能手机来实现小车的视频传输模块。无线控制模块使小车具备启动停止，加减速、转向等功能;视频传输模块使小车具备实时监控，定位等功能；最后将两者通过单片机联系到一起，实现所智能无线控制小车的基本功能。本设计的智能小车结构简单，技术发展成熟，较容易实现，但各模块之间的联系、软件设计以及整个系统的优化都具有很大的灵活性。不管采用什么思路，智能化、人性化，一定程度在小车上得以体现。关键词蓝牙控制模块；霍尔元件；太阳能电池板；单片机学士学位论文IITheresearchonIntelligentWarelessRobotCarAbstractAsanewproductofmodernsociety,intelligenceisthetrendinfuturedevelopment.Itcanworkinsomespecificenvironmentaccordingtothemodewhichsetsinadvance.Dispensingwithbehavioradjustmentmanagement,butitcanachievetheexpected,evenhighergoal.Withtherapiddevelopmentofcomputer,network,mechanical,electronic,information,automationandartificialintelligencetechnology,themobilerobothasenteredanewstage.Currently,thestudyaboutintelligentmobilerobot,unmannedautonomouscarandsomerelevantareasarereachingaapplicationstage.Withfurtherresearch,themobilerobotautonomousnavigationcapabilities,real-timemonitoring,dynamicobstacleavoidancestrategiesandtimeputforwardhigherrequirements.ThedesigntakesmicrocontrolunitAT89C51ascentercontrolunit,usetheBluetoothtocontrolthemovingstatus,useHallElementtomeasurethespeedofthecarandtheangleofrotation;useintelligentmobilephoneastheVideotransmissionmodule.Combinewirelessunitandvideotransmissionmoduletogether,thethecarbecomethesocalledmobilerobot.Itcanbecontrolledtomoveforward,movebackward,turning,speedupandslowdown.Wecanalsoreadthismovingstatus,watchtherobot’ssurroundingsthroughcomputerorintelligentmobilephone.Thedesignofthesmartcarstructureissimpleandthetechnologyisdeveloped,thusmakingiteasytoachieved.Butthecombinationofallmodules,theBluetoothunitisstillchallengeable.Besides,thesoftwaredesign,optimizationoftheentiresystemisalsoflexibility.Nomatterwhatideas,artificialIntelligencecanbeappliedwiththeintelligenttoycar.KeywordsBluetoothcontrolmodule;HallElement;solarpanel;MCU学士学位论文III目录摘要.......................................................................................................................IAbstract................................................................................................................II第1章绪论....................................................................................................-1-1.1课题背景...............................................................................................-1-1.2智能小车的研究现状...........................................................................-2-1.3本章小节...............................................................................................-2-第2章智能小车的可行性分析....................................................................-4-2.1题目分析...............................................................................................-4-2.2方案选择...............................................................................................-4-2.3总体方框图...........................................................................................-5-2.4本章小节...............................................................................................-6-第3章硬件设计............................................................................................-7-3.1主控模块的设计...................................................................................-7-3.1.1单片机的内部结构.........................................................................-8-3.1.2单片机的引脚功能.........................................................................-8-3.1.3单片机最小系统.............................................................................-9-3.2无线通讯模块设计.............................................................................-12-3.2.1蓝牙模块的选择..........................................................................-13-3.2.2蓝牙模块BF10.............................................................................-13-3.3小车车体设计.....................................................................................-16-3.3.1小车车体的结构设计...................................................................-16-3.3.2电机及驱动的选用.......................................................................-17-3.4摄像头云台设计.................................................................................-20-3.4.1云台电机及其驱动的选择...........................................................-21-3.4.2云台的结构设计...........................................................................-23-3.5无线视频传输模块设计.....................................................................-24-3.6电源模块设计.....................................................................................-26-3.6.1太阳能电池板...............................................................................-26-3.6.2电源测试.......................................................................................-27-3.6.3实际应用..............................................................错误!未定义书签。3.7转向与转速的闭环控制..........