高中英语语法-省略句

在英语中，为了避免重复而省去某些重复的部分，这种现象叫省略。如：:Begyoupardon.:Soundslikeagoodidea.:（I）Begyoupardon.:(It)Soundslikeagoodidea..定义一简单句中的省略1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略:Doesn’tmatter.:(It)doesn’tmatter.:(It)Soundslikeagoodidea.2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分。如：（省略主语和谓语）:What/How(doyouthink)aboutacupoftea?:Why(doyou)notsayhellotohim?3、省略表语。:–Areyouthirsty?–Yes,Iam.:Hisbrotherisn’tlazy,norishissister.(thirsty).(lazy).4、同时省略几个成分:Let’smeetatthesameplaceasyesterday.(wemet)同时省略主、谓语:–Haveyoufinishedyourwork?–Notyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Ihavenotfinishedmyhomeworkyet.1.Mybrotherisadoctorandmysister-in-law(is)alawyer.省略相同的谓语动词在由and连接的一些句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。Whensummercomes,thedayisgettinglongerandlonger,andthenight(isgetting)shorterandshorter.二并列句中的省略2.Mr.Smithpickedupacoinintheroadand(Mr.Smith)handedittoapoliceman.3.JackmusthavebeenplayingfootballandMary(musthavebeen)doingherhomework.4.Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.5.Iwasborninwinterin1988andBob(wasborninwinter)in1989.6.Hewaslatebecausehehadoversleptand(becausehehad)missedthetrain.省略共同的主语或宾语。省略后面的助动词或情态动词省略后面的主谓成分省略主要动词及后续部分省略重复的介词，连词及后续部分1、主句中有一些成分被省略，省略多用于句首,如：:Sorrytohearyouareill.:Pitythathemissedsuchagoodchance.(I’m)(It’sa)三复合句中的省略:－AreyouleavingforBeijingthisSunday?－Ithinkso.soI’mleavingforBeijingthisSunday.:－Tommustbefreetoday.－Ifso,hecanhelpus.soheisfree.从句中有一些成分被省略、而用so或not来代替:－Itisgoingtorain,isn’tit?－Ihopenot.notitisnotgoingtorain.Note:so常用于替代肯定形式的从句，而not常用来替代否定形式的从句。常见的动词有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、fear等。这种用法常见的有：Howso?Whyso?Isthatso?Ihopeso.Hesaidso.及Isuppose/believe/hopenot.Whynot?等等。:Weallknow(that)theearthrunsaroundthesun.(that)2.宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当有两个并列的宾语从句时，第二个that则不能省略。:Marysaid(that)sheisfromAmericanandthatsheis16yearsold.(that)由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省略。Hewillcomeback,buthedoesn'tknowwhen(hewillcomeback).(hewillcomeback)3.定语从句中的省略A:在定语从句中，that,which,who在从句中作宾语时可省略。:Ihaven’treadthebook(that/which)you’rereading.(that/which):Theman(that/who)yourfatherjusttalkedtoisourEnglishteacher,Mr.Smith.(that/who)B:定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。Thegoods(whichwere)orderedlastmonthhaven'tarrivedyet.(whichwere)4.状语从句中的省略在以when,while,once引导的时间状语从句及以if,unless引导的条件状语从句中和though,although引导的让步状语从句中，如果从句中的主语与主句中的主语指同一对象，且从句中含有be动词时，从句中可省去“主语+be”部分。:Whenaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.:Whenhewasaskedwhathehaddone,Johnjustkeptsilent.he:Ifheisfree,Jackwillgowithus.hewas:Iffree,Jackwillgowithus.heis:Unlessinvited,hewon’tcome.:Unlessheisinvited,hewon’tcome.he:Whileheisdoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heis:Whiledoinghousework,myfatheroftenlistenstomusic.heishe动词不定式中为了避免重复，省去与前面出现的相同部分，只保留to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be，have,havebeen时，要保留这些词。:–Areyougoingthere?–Yes,I’dliketo.:Hedidn’tgivemethechance,thoughhehadpromisedto.:–Areyouanengineer?–No,butIwantto.:–Hehasn’tfinishedthetaskyet.–Well,heoughtto.(gothere).(givemethechance).behave四不定式中的省略Attention!使役动词及感官动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。:InoticedamantoentertheclassroomwhenIpassedby.:Amanwasnoticedtoentertheclassroom.toX这类使役动词及感官动词主要有一“感”:二“听”:三“让”:四“看”:feelhearlistentohavemakeletwatchnoticeobservesee在以if引导的非真实条件句中若含有were,had,should时，常可以省略if而将were,had,should置于句首。:WereIyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.Were:HadIalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.Had:Shouldtherebebird-flu,whatwouldwedo?Should虚拟条件句中的省略IfIwereyou,I’dgivetheAIDSpatientahug.IfIhadalotofmoney,I’daidthepoorchildren.:Hesuggestweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should)在含有表示“命令、要求、建议、许可”或“禁止”等意义的名词性从句中使用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气的，should常可以省略。如：:Hissuggestionisthatweshouldsetoutrightaway.(should):Theorderthatweshouldstaywhereweareisveryseriousandsevere.(should):It’sveryimportantthatstudentsshouldstudyhardatschool.(should)※介词的省略※（考点）1.一些常和动名词、形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见的句型有spend/wastetime(in)doing,losenotime(in)doing；havedifficult/trouble(in)doing；bebusy(in)doing；stop/preventsb.(from)doing等。eg.Theheavyrainpreventedhim(from)arrivingthereontime.Shelostnotime(in)givingthepatientfirstaid.2.表示行为方式的in在inthisway,inthesameway,inanotherway等词组中，经常被省略。Hedidit(in)thisway.八、会话中的省略。省略在会话中应用广泛，无论是回答别人问题，还是在接别人说话时都会发生，否则就觉得累赘。--Doyoulikethisshirt?--Yes,(Ilikeit)verymuch.(Come)Thisway,please.--WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?--Losingherbicycle(madehersoupset).ExercisesaboutEllipsis.3.Rewritethesesentencesbytakingouttheunnecessaryparts.1.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.(_____)P372.Aboywasontheleftsideofthesickwoman,andagirlwasontherightsideofthesickwoman.3.Shehasadaughterwhoisinhospital.4.Hewenttothedoctorbecausehehadtogotothedoctor.(___________________)(_____)(_____________)5.Didshepassthefirstaidtestthatshedidyesterdayordidn’tshepass?ornot.6.Shecouldnotdecidedwhethertosendhimtohospitalornottosendhimtohospital.7.Whenyournoseisbleeding,youshouldbendforwardsothatthebloodrunsoutofyournoseandtheblooddoesn’trundownyourthroat.8.Onlysomeofthestudentshavedoneafirstaidcoursebutmostofthestudentshaven’tdoneafirstaidcourse.notdownyourthroat.Thesesentencesarecorrect.However,oneormorewordshavebeenleftout.Canyoutellyourpartnerwhic