藏北地区草地补播及放牧制度对草地覆盖影响的遥感监测研究

191Vol.19No.1ACTAAGRESTIASINICA20111Jan.20111,2,3,2,1,2,1,2(1.,100049;2.,100101;3.,100081):,GPS,200672008CBERS202,22(NDVI)(DVI):,;;,NDVI,,,NDVI,3S,:;;;;;;:S812.8:A:100720435(2011)0120058206EffectofGrazingSystemsandOversowingonGrasslandCoveringofNorthernTibetMonitoredbyRemoteSensingSONGChun2qiao1,2,YOUSong2cai3,SHENZhen2xi2,KELing2hong1,2,ZHONGXin2ke1,2(1.InstituteofGeographicSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100101,China;2.GraduateUniversityofChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100049,China;3.InstituteofEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopmentinAgriculture;ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)Abstract:GrasslandagricultureisanimportanteconomicfoundationinnorthernTibet.Improvingmeas2ures,suchasenclosureofthegrassland,supplementarysowing,establishmentofhigh2qualityartificialgrasslandbymixedsowing,havebeeninvestigatedandimplementedinsomedemonstrationzonesbythegovernmentandresearchers.Thispaperusingthesingle2temporaldatainJuly2006andtime2seriesdatasetin2008derivedfromCBERS202satellite,togetherwiththegeographicboundsofartificialandnaturalgrasslandsandtheregionoffree2delaying2banninggrazinggrasslandsmeasuredbyGPS,vegetationcoverandgrowingcharacteristicsofdifferenttypesofgrasslandsweremonitoredandreported.Themeanvalue,standarddeviation,extremevalueanddominantindex(DI)weretakenasindicestoanalyzethevegetationgrowthstates.Resultsshowedthat:thebest,thepoorestandaveragevegetationgrowthofartificialgrasslandallexceedthatofthenaturalgrassland,butthevegetationcoverevennessoftheformerisworsethanthelatter;thevegetationgrowthofbanninggrazing,warm2seasondelayinggrazingandfreegrazinggrasslandsincrementallydecreased;coverevennessofwarm2seasondelayinggrazingbeforegrazingbasical2lyremainedthesamewiththatofbanninggrazing.Additionally,researchprovedthat3Stechnologyisaneffectiveapproachfordynamicandextensivemonitoringgrasslandcoverage.Keywords:Grazingsystem;CBERS202;Vegetationindex;Artificialgrassland;Banninggrazing;Dela2yinggrazing;Remotesensing,,3.95109hm2,:2010201218;:2010212230:(2007BAC06B01);(40971132):(19862),,,,GIS,,E2mail:[e-mail]©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1,2],(),,[3]1.011014hm2,53.18%,32.16%13.16%;30%,,,,,,,,[4,5,6],,,(GISGPS),3S,[7]1981-2000AVHRR2NDVI(8km8km),NDVI;[8]GISRS;[9]MODIS;[10,11]TM02(CBERS202)GPS,---,11.1N302620331951,E900921925837,4450m,3.95109hm2,-1.5,2846.9h,421.9mm,1690.7mm2,718,11,,65%1Fig.1Locationofstudyarea1.2(1),2()(1),12,2003,1(Elymusnutans),2,22007,;3,4,5200335,4002000hm2,21.31.3.12CCD,(0.450.52m)(0.520.59m)(0.630.69m)(0.770.89m)(0.510.73m)5,19.5m,26d,,7-8,20067252008422618714859291022CBERS02(200624/95©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)1100000,GPS(5m),51.3.21.3.2.1(VI)VI[1214]VI,,(PVI);,(NDVI)[15](NDVI),NDV;-1NDVI1,,;0,NIRR;,;NDVI,NIRR,(DVI),,,NDVIDVI1.3.2.2GPS5,,15NDVIDVI,(X)(x):X=1n6ni=1Xi(1)x=6ni=1(Xi-X)2(2)Xi,n,X1.3.2.3(Dominantin2dex,DI)(3)=r-tt(3),rVI,tVI1.4CBERS02,,1100000,,,,0.8(NDVI)NDVI=(NIR-R)/(NIR+R)(NIR,RCCD4,CCD3)ENVI4.7TransformNDVI,DVI=NIR-R,ENVI22.124NDVIDVI,(06©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.)(3883)2,2VI2,NDVI,0.364,NDVI0.338,0.026,7.69%DVI,DVI79.4,DVI71.3,8.1,11.36%21,2NDVIDVI,,,,2NDVI()DVI()Fig.2ComparisonsofmeanandstandarddeviationofNDVI(left)andDVI(right)betweenartificialgrasslandsandnaturalgrasslands31,2NDVI,,(1,NDVI0.491),212.23,43NDVI,6NDVI2008422,,,3NDVI0.0570,0.06110.0604,NDVI6,,,3NDVI,,,,16©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1621],,714,NDVI0.3920,0.37110.3590,,3.40%9.19%,,,NDVI85714,,NDVI0.4153,8.35%,200885CBERS20230%40%,4(),NDVI0.3892,,929,,,NDVI0.0805,0.08780.1058,1022,,,NDVI43NDVI,NDVI,42285,NDVI,,20032006,,,NDVI,0.01440.0107,33,3,,,3S,,,,,12,3,45,,(78),3S(RS,GPSGIS),,,NDVIDVI2,NDVI,DVI,,60%,DVI,,,3,,,,,[1],,.[J].,2005,10(10):10212(85)26©1994-2011ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[10],,,.[J].,2004,21():4692473[11],,,.[J].,1995,(4):3052310[12],,,.7[J].,1996,(6):428[13],,,.[J].,1997,14(2):45248[14],.[J].,1996,4(25):1342140[15],,.[J].,2005,28(8):44248[16]HamptonJG,TeKronyDM.Handbookofvigourtestmeth2ods[M].ISTA,Zurich,Switzerland,1995[17].[J].,1994,30(3):2072210[18]BeauchampC,FridovichI.Superoxidedismutase,improvedassaysandanessaysapplicabletoacrylamidgels[J].Analyti2calBiochemistry,1971,44:2762287[19]AebiHE.Catalase[A].In:BergmeyerHUed.Methodsofenzymaticanalysis.3rd.[C].Weiheim:VerlagChemie,1983.2732282[20]BasavarajappaBS,ShettyHS,PrakashHS.Membranede2teriorationandotherbiochemicalchanges,associatedwithac2celeratedageingofmaizeseeds[J].SeedScienceandTechnol2ogy,1991,19:2792286[