论美国文官制度的三项基本原则_从1883年_彭德尔顿法_谈起

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.()No132003203JournalofNortheastNormalUniversity(PhilosophyandSocialSciences)SumNo1203[]2002-10-01[](1958-),,,,1883(,130024)[]1883,,:,,,[];;;[]K712144[]A[]1001-6201(2003)03-0048-06,1883,,:,,,,,,1883,,,,1883,,,,1883,,,,,84©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1](P55-60),,1883,,,,[2](P260),,,,,[3](P66-67),,,,,,,,1883,,(CompetitiveExamina2tion),,,1883,,,,[4](P100),,[3](P69),,,,,,[1](P55-60),,,,,,[1](P55-60)1883,,,[5](P32),,,,,,,94©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(10%15%,85%90%)[6](P19),,,,,(Tenure),,,,,,,,,,,[4](P101-102),1829,,1883,,1829,,,,,,1883,,1883,,,,,,1883,F.:,,[7](P274),,,,1876,W.,,[4](P102),[1](P55-60),05©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[1](P55-60),,,,,,,,,(PoliticalNeutrality),,,[3](P68),[3](P68),,,,[8](P2-12),,,,[9](P163-221),,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,15©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[6](P16)4,,,1883,,,,,,,,,[10](P359-380),[6](P17),,,,?[11](P235-250),,,?[3](P70),,,,1900,,[12]:,:;,[3](P70),,,:,1883,,1883,,[13](P4),,,1883,,,1883100,,,,25©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.[][1]PendletonActof1883[R].BasicDocumentsofAmericanPublicAdministration:1776-1950[M].NewYork:Holmes&MeierPublishers,INC,1976.[2]LloydWWarner,etal1TheAmericanFederalExecutive:AStudyoftheSocialandPersonalCharacteristicsoftheCivilianandMilitaryLeadersofFederalGovernment[M].NewHaven:YaleUniversityPress,1963.[3]FrederickCMosher1DemocracyandthePublicService[M].NewYork:OxfordUniversityPress,1982.[4]PaulPVanRiper.HistoryoftheUnitedStatesCivilService[M].Evanston,Illinois:Row,PetersonandCo,1958.[5]RonaldNJohnson,etal.TheFederalCivilServiceSystemandtheProblemofBureaucracy:TheEconomicsandPoliticsofInstitutionalChange[M].Chicago:TheUniversityofChicagoPress,1994.[6]RobertMaranto.PoliticsandBureaucracyintheModernPresidency:CareeristsandAppointeesintheReaganAd2ministration[M].Connecticut:GreenwoodPress1993.[7]CongressionalRecord[R].47thCong,2ndSess,1882,XIV,PartI,P.274.[8]1[J]1,2001,(6).[9]FrederickCMosher.FeaturesandProblemsoftheFederalCivilService[A].TheFederalGovernmentService[M].theAmericanAssembly,ColumbiaUniversity,N.J:Prentice-Hall,Inc,EnglewoodCliffs,1965.[10]WoodrowWilson.TheStudyofAdministration[A].ArthurLink,etal1ThePapersofWoodrowVolume5[M]1Princeton:PrincetonUniversityPress,1968.[11]DennisFThompson1BureaucracyandDemocracy[A].GraemeDuncan,etal1DemocraticTheoryandPractice[M].Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress,1983.[12]FrankGoodnow1PoliticsandAdministration[M].NewYork:MacmillanCo,1900.[13]DavidHRosenbloom1PoliticsandPublicPersonnelAdministration:TheLegacyof1883[A].DavidHRosen2bloom,etal1CentenaryIssuesofthePendletonActof1883:TheProblematicLegacyofCivilServiceReform[M].NewYorkandBasel:MarcelDekker,INC,1982.ThreeBasicPrinciplesoftheU1S1CivilServiceEstablishedBythePendletonActof1883SHIQing-huan(HistoryDepartment,NortheastNormalUniversity,Changchun130024,China)Abstract:ThisarticlediscussesthebasicprinciplesoftheU1S1CivilServicebyexploringthePendletonActof1883.ItisarguedthattheprinciplesofCompetitiveExamination,TenureandPoliticalNeutralitypointouttheheritageoftheAmericanCivilServicefromtheBritishCivilService.Atthesametime,theyreflectthecharacteristicsoftheAmericanCivilService.Keywords:PendletonAct;theUnitedStates;thecivilservice;basicprinciples[:]35