最新初中英语语法讲义[精编版]

知识的积累在于重复之前所学Reviseforwhatyouhavelearntoverandoveragain!--LuckyPersistindoingonething,andyouwillbethebest!!!Tel:[phone]初中英语语法讲义目录一、词类、句子成分和构词法：........................................................................2二、名词................................................................................................................4三、代词：............................................................................................................8四、数词：..........................................................................................................14五、冠词..............................................................................................................16六、形容词、副词..............................................................................................18七、介词..............................................................................................................29八、动词..............................................................................................................331、动词的分类：.........................................................................................332、动词词形变化一览表：.........................................................................363、be动词的各种时态变化........................................................................374、其它谓语动词(主动语态)的时态变化..................................................385、八种时态的具体用法：.........................................................................386、被动语态：.............................................................................................437、动词的非谓语形式.................................................................................458、动词用法辨析：.....................................................................................49九、连接词..........................................................................................................56十、简单句..........................................................................................................58十一、句子成分..................................................................................................641、主语：.....................................................................................................642、谓语：.....................................................................................................653、宾语：.....................................................................................................674、表语：.....................................................................................................685、定语：.....................................................................................................686、状语：.....................................................................................................697、宾语补足语：.........................................................................................69十二、简单句五种基本句型：..........................................................................70十三、并列复合句..............................................................................................70十四、主从复合句..............................................................................................71十五、直接引语和间接引语(初中不作特别要求)...........................................74十六、倒装句......................................................................................................75十七、附加注释..................................................................................................75知识的积累在于重复之前所学Reviseforwhatyouhavelearntoverandoveragain!--LuckyPersistindoingonething,andyouwillbethebest!!!Tel:[phone]词类、句子成分和构词法一、词类:英语词类分十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange.2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who,she,you,it.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good,right,white,orange.4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one,two,three,first,second,third,fourth.5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am,is,are,have,see.6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now,very,here,often,quietly,slowly.7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a,an,the.8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in,on,from,above,behind.9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and,but,before.10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh,well,hi,hello.二、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’mMissGreen.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jackcleanstheroomeveryday.(杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任如：MynameisPingping.(我的名字叫萍萍)3、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：Hecanspelltheword.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：Hewrotemealetter.(他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：Hewrotealettertome.(他给我写了一封信)4、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：Shanghaiisabigcity.(上海是个大城市)5、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：Heworkshard.(他工作努力)6、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：Theyusuallykeeptheirclassroomclean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)Heoftenhelpsmedomylessons.(他常常帮我做功课)TheteacherwantedmetolearnFrenchallbymyself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：WhereisyourclassmateTom?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)知识的积累在于重复之前所学Reviseforwhatyouhavelearntoverandoveragain!--LuckyPersistindoingonething