the-old-man-and-the-sea

《美国文学》课程论文论文题目：ThePhilosophyofLifeinErnestHemingway'sTheOldManandtheSea学生姓名：陈义学号：1110010605班级：英语3班得分:完成日期：2014年6月22日ContentsAbstractinEnglish……………………………………………….………………iAbstractinChinese……………………………………………………………….ii1.Introduction…………………………………………………………………….2.TheBackgroundInformationofErnestHemingway……………………….2.1TheSocialEnvironmentatThatTime..……………………………………..2.2ErnestHemingway’sLifeExperience………………………………………3.PhilosophyofLifeEmbodiedinTheOldManandtheSea…………………3.1The“CodeMan”---Santiago……………………………………………….3.2TheTragicFateofHuman…………………………………………………..3.3TheEssenceofHuman’sSolitude…………………………………………...3.4TheStrugglingandUnyieldingSpiritofHuman……………………………3.5TheRelationshipbetweenHumanandNature………………………………4.Conclusion…………………………………………………..…………....….....Bibliography………………………………………………………………………111122223345AbstractTheOldManandtheSea,themostfamousworkamongHemmingway’slatercreations,sufficientlyembodiestheauthor’sphilosophyoflifewhichismoreorlessinfluencedbythethensocialenvironmentandhislifeexperience.Inthisshortnovelportrayingsuccessfullya“CodeMan”(graceunderpressure)---Santiago,theauthorgavehisdeepthoughtaboutthetragicfateofhumanandtheessenceofhuman’ssolitude,eulogizingthestrugglingspiritofhuman.Atthesametime,Hemmingwayexploredtherelationshipbetweenhumanandnature.ThepaperintendstoreachathoroughunderstandingofHemmingway’sphilosophyoflifethroughananalysisoftheprotagonistinthenovel,thatis,althoughlifeisfullofsorrowandsolitude,humancannotgiveupandmustbeoptimisticaboutthefutureinharmonywithnature.Keywords:TheOldManandtheSea；ErnestHemingway;philosophyoflife；thetragicfateofhuman;theessenceofhuman’ssolitude；thestrugglingspiritofhuman；humanandnature摘要《老人与海》是海明威后期创作的伟大作品，其充分体现了作者对人生的哲学思考，而这些人生哲学都不免受到了当时社会环境与作者人生经历的影响。在这部成功塑造了一个“准则人”（压力下的优雅）———圣地亚哥的短篇小说中，作者表现出了对人类悲剧性命运的深刻思考，对人类孤独本质的不断探求，对人类抗争精神的赞颂，以及对人与自然的关系的深远思索。本文旨在通过对这篇小说主人公的深入分析，阐述海明威的人生哲学，即人生即使注定充满悲痛与孤苦，也要永不向命运低头，积极乐观地面对未来，同时也强调人与自然应该和谐相处。关键词：老人与海；欧内斯特海明威；人生哲学；悲剧意识；孤独感；人与自然1.IntroductionHemingwaywasoneofthemostfamousnovelistsinAmerica.HecreatedaperfectimageofCodeMan---SantiagoinTheOldManandtheSeawhichwonhimselfNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1954.ThenovelisasimplebutexcitingandtragicstorywhichchroniclestheadventureofSantiago,basedonatruestoryofaCubafisherman.Aftereighty-fourdayswithoutcatchingafish,Santiago,anoldCubanhooksagiantfish.Fortwodaysandtwonightstheoldmanholdsonwhilethefishpullshimfurtherandfurther.Finallyhekillsthefishandtiesittohisskiff.Nevertheless，brutalsharksbegintotakehispriceawayatonce.Hestrugglesagainstthesharkswiththeharpoon,theoar,theknife,theshortclub.Intheend,thesharkseatallbutthebonesofthefish.Halfdeadwithexhaustion,hebringstheskeletonhomeandmakeshiswaytobedanddreamsofhisgoldentime.ItisnotsomuchtheplotbuttheunyieldingspiritofSantiagothatappealstoreaders.Inthewholeprocessofstrugglingwiththegiantfishandsharks,theideaofsubmittingneverstrikestheoldman.Sometimes,itisadvisabletoidentifythethoughtofSantiagoasthephilosophyoflifeofHemmingwayduetothefactthatnovelsarederivedfromreality.Hence,thethesistriestofindoutphilosophyoflifereflectedinTheOldManandtheSeabySantiago’swordsanddeeds.2.TheBackgroundInformationofErnestHemingway2.1TheSocialEnvironmentatThatTimeAfterWorldWarI,Americawasbecomingtheworld’sindustrialpowerwhilevariouskingsofsocialproblemsemerged:poverty,classstruggle,etc.Peoplebegantohavenewideasaboutman,societyandman’splaceintheworld.Especiallyinthetwentiethcentury，aseriesofwarsbrokeout.Peoplesawdevastation,bloodanddeathwhichaffectedpeople’sattitudetowardslife.Theybecamelesscertainaboutwhatmightariseinthischangingworldanmorecynicalaboutacceptedmoralstandardswiththefeelingsoffear,lossanddisillusionment.Inthisperiod,Americanwereconfrontedwithadeepspiritualcrisis.Hemmingway’sTheOldManandtheSeaturnedupunderthatsocialbackground,whosepositivephilosophyoflifeinthenovelencouragedpeopletostrivefortheirlives.2.2ErnestHemingway’sLifeExperienceErnestHemingwaywasborninOakPark,nearChicago,onJuly21,1899.Hisfather,awell-to-dophysician,bequeathedhissonofalife,andofdeath,initiatedhimintotheritualsofhuntingandfishingintheupperPeninsulaofMichigan.AssoonasErnestgraduatedfromhighschoolin1917,hebeganreportingfortheKansasCityStarwherehelearnedtogettotheheartofastorywithdirect,simplesentences.RejectedforarmyserviceinWorldWarIbecauseofpoorvision,hevolunteeredtoworkasanambulancedriverinFrance,thentransferredtotheItalianfrontwherehewaswoundedseverelyjustbeforehis19thbirthday.Later,hebecameinvolvedwiththeexpatriateliteraryandartisticcirclesurroundingGertrudeSteinwhenhewasworkinginParisasacorrespondentfortheTorontoStar.Hisworksduringthe1920sarerepresentativeof“theLostGeneration”.DuringtheSpanishCivilWarandlatertheSecondWorldWar,Hemingwayservedasacorrespondentontheloyalistside.ThenhesettledinCubain1945.In1954,HemingwaywasawardedtheNobelPrizeofLiteratureforhis“masteryoftheartofmodernnarration”.AfterhisexpulsionfromCubabytheCastroregime,hemovedtoIdaho.Hewasincreasinglyplaguedbyillhealthandmentalproblems,andinJuly,1961,hecommittedsuicidebyshootinghimself.3.PhilosophyofLifeEmbodiedinTheOldManandtheSea3