刻板印象威胁及其对教育的启示

20124*09YJCXLX018S0304[1][2]2080SteeleSteeleAronson1995[3]1995-24-1Cadinu2003[4]Aronson1999[5]2SteeleAronson1995[3]SawyerHollis-Sawyer20052008[6][7]3Schmader2003[8]SteeleAronson1995[3]Steele1997[9]Keller2007[10]MuzzattiAgnoli2007[11]Ambady2001[12]5-73-58-106-811-13McKownWeinstein2003[13]202610Cadinu2006[14]OsborneWalker2006[15]-25-20124Keller2007[5]SteeleAronson1995[3]Aronson1999[6]1Shih1999[16]2[17]OsborneWalker2006[13]GPA3-26-Spencer1999[18][1]Hamilton,D.L.,&Trolier,T.K.Stereotypesandstereotyping:anoverviewofcognitiveapproach.In:DovidioJF,GaertnerSLed.Prejudice,discriminationandracism.Orlando,FL:Academicpress,1986:127-163.[2]Fiske,S.T.Intentandordinarybias:Unintendedthoughtandsocialmotivationcreatecasualprejudice.InM.Bazerman&M.Banaji(Eds),Socialpsychologyofordinaryunethicalbehavior,specialissueofSocialJusticeResearch,2004,17,117-127.[3]Steele,C.M.,&Aronson,J.StereotypethreatandtheintellectualtestperformanceofAfricanAmericans.JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,1995,69:797-811.[4]Cadinu,M.,Maass.A.,Frigerio,S.,Impagliazzo,L.,&Latinotti,S.Stereotypethreat:Theeffectofexpectancyonperformance.EuropeanJournalofSocialPsychology,2003,33:267-285.[5]AronsonJ.,LustinaM.J.,GoodC.,&KeoughK.WhenWhitemencan'tdomath:Necessaryandsufficientfactorsinstereotypethreat.JournalofExperimentalSocial-27-20124Psychology,1999,35:29-46.[6]Sawyer,T.P.Jr.,&Hollis-Sawyer,L.A.Predictingstereotypethreat,testanxiety,andcognitiveabilitytestperformance:Anexaminationofthreemodels.InternationalJournalofTesting,2005,5:225-246.[7]Hollis-Sawyer,L.A.,&Sawyer,T.P.Jr.Potentialstereotypethreatandfacevalidityeffectsoncognitive-basedtestperformanceinclassroom.EducationalPsychology,2008,28:291-304.[8]Schmader,T.,&Johns,M.Convergingevidencethatstereotypethreatreducesworkingmemorycapacity.JournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,2003,85:440-452.[9]Steele,C.M.Athreatintheair:Howstereotypesshapeintellectualidentityandperformance.AmericanPsychologist,1997,52:613-629.[10]Keller.J.Stereotypethreatinclassroomsetting:Theinteractiveeffectofdomainidentification,taskdifficultyandstereotypethreatonfemalestudent'smathsperformance.BritishJournalofEducationalPsychology,2007,77:323-338[11]Muzzatti,B.,&Agnoli,F.Genderandmathematics:AttitudesandstereotypethreatsusceptibilityinItalianchildren.DevelopmentalPsychology,2007,43:747-759.[12]AmbadyN.,ShihM.,KimA.,&PittinkskyT.L.Stereotypesusceptibilityinchildren:Effectsofidentityactivationonquantitativeperformance.PsychologicalScience,2001,12:385-390.[13]McKownC.,&WeinsteinR.S.Thedevelopmentandconsequencesofstereotypeconsciousnessinmiddlechildren.ChildDevelopment,2003,74:498-515.[14]Cadinu,M.,Maass,A.,Lombardo,M.,&Frigerio,S.Stereotypethreat:ThemoderationroleofLocusofControlbeliefs.EuropeanJournalofSocialPsychology,2006,36:183-197.[15]Osborne,J.W.,&Wakler,C.Stereotypethreat,identificationwithacademics,andwithdrawalfromschool:Whythemostsuccessfulstudentsofcolourmightbemostlikelytowithdraw.EducationalPsychology,2006,26:563-577.[16]ShihM.,PittinskyT.L.,&AmbadyN..Stereotypesusceptibility:Identitysalienceandshiftsinquantitativeperformance.PsychologicalScience,1999,10:80-83.[17]SmithJ.L.,&WhiteP.H.Developmentofthedomainidentificationmeasure:Atoolforinvestigatingstereotypethreateffects.EducationalandPsychologicalMeasurement,2001,61:1040-1057.[18]Spencer,S.J.,Steele,C.M.,&Quinn,D.M.Stereotypethreatandwomen'smathperformance.JournalofEcperimentalSocialPsychology,1999,35:4-28StereotypeThreatandItsImplicationsforEducationMOQiongqiongHEWenAbstract:StereotypethreathasbeenpaidwildattentionsincetheconceptwasinitiallyproposedbySteelein1995.Thisarticleintroducesstudiesaboutstereotypethreatintheareaofeducationfromconcretedomains,subjectsandaffectingfactors.Onthatbasisitfurtherdiscussestheimplicationsforeducation.Keywords:stereotypethreat;activatingcues;removingcues;education-28-