四大名词性从句

GrammarShirleyWhatkindofnounclausesarethey?•1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.•2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.•3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.•4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句brainstorming(2m)名词性从句相当于一个名词作用的从句称作名词性从句，名词性从句常在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。如：1.Whatitwastobecomewasamystery.2.Idon’tknowwhowillhelpHenrytowinthebet.3.Histroubleisthathedoesn’tknowanybodyinLondon.4.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.nounclausessubjectiveclause主语从句objectiveclause宾语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，引导主语从句的有连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。位置：1)位于句首．2)位于句尾，使用it做形式主语，而把主从放在句末．(注意：形式主语只能用it,不能使用this／that)常用下面几种句型：1）It+be+表语（n./adj./done.）+that从句Itisafact(ashame/pity/goodnews/impossible/likely…)that/whether…It’sapitythatyouhavetogososoon.Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.2）It+vi.+that从句Itseemed(happened,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…Itseemedcertainthathewouldwintheprize.Ithappensthattheywereabsent.3)It+bedone+that从句Itisknown/said/hoped/believed…IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.Does___matterifhecan’tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it连接词：1）区分that与whether(if)that引导主从只起引导作用，无实际意义，在主从中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.whether(if)尽管不充当句子成分,但有”是否”意思,可加上”ornot”,语意不变.但whether和if也有不同用法,如放在句首引导主从,只能用whether.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.e.g.___fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromonaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which______we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where——————————————————————————————————————It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace.ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow.连接代词who(m),whose,what,which,when,where,why,how这类连接词,除了引导主从外,在从句中还分别起pron/adv./adj.的作用,在从句中分别做主语\宾语\表语\状语Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.高考题:_____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereIreadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter____itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which3)whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever,whenever,wherever等连接词与what等连接词的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,”凡是,不管,无论”,引导的主语从句一般不后置。Whateverhesaidwasn’ttrue.WhoeverguesseswhatIhaveinmyhandmayhaveit.=Anyonewhoguesses…=Thepersonwhoguesses…However×___hecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerteenagersshowedinterestintraditionalfestivals.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。做动词的宾语1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：Hedoesn'tknowwherethepostofficeis.2)引导宾语从句的连接词一般都可以省去.但是当及物动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句是,只有第一个that可以省略.Theteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.二．宾语从句TheObjectClause3)如果后有宾语补足语，则要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．Hedoesn’twantittobeknownthatheisgoingaboard.4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，要注意否定前移;Idon’tthinkyouareright．5)在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句：一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?一Ibelieveso./Idon'tbelieveso./Ibelievenot.6)“doubt”后接宾从,肯定句时由whether/if引导,否定句或疑问句由that引导．I~whether/ifhewillcome.Idon’t~thathewillcome.Doyou~thathewillcome?7)whether和if都可引导动词之后的宾从,二者可互换.但在正式文体中,从句有ornot时,只用whether,不用if.Iwonderif/whetheritisright.Idon’tcarewhetheryoulikehimornot.做介词的宾语Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?1)作介词宾语时，that很少在介词后面引导宾从，只有在except,but,besides,in等少数介词后才用;Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong．2)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it;e.g.I’llseetoitthateverythingisready．3)表示“是否”的if不能引导介词的宾语从句，而要用whether.e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetheryoushoulddoit.ThePredicativeClause表语从句－在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。that引导的表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。e.g.Thefactisthatonesmokerinfivewilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherthemanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。e.g.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.Theimportantthingiswhosenameshouldbeputonthetopofthelist.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how在句中通常没有疑问意义，而是在句中起连接作用并分别表示时间、地点、原因或方式。e.g.That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句跟在一个n.后，对其进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/feeling/idea/reason/thought/truth/order/suggestion/doubt/news/word/possibility/promise/hope/belief…e.g.Thefactthatshipscangotheresurprisesmanypeople.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.4.连词that/whether/who/which/wha