同义句转换十二类型解析及练习

同义句转换十二类型解析及练习类型一:运用同义词或同义词组替换原句的有关部分。【解题要领】将原句中的某些词或词组，用其同义词或同义词组进行替换改变，这是同义句转换使用最多的类型。在英语新教材中，同义词或词组的运用非常广泛，学习过程中要尽可能多地去归纳总结，以达到熟能生巧，举一反三的程度。Heisgoodatdrawing．／Hedoeswellindrawing．Thereisastrongwindtoday．／It'sverywindytoday．TomorrowwewillgotoTokyobyair．／TomorrowwewillflytoTokyo．MrWangreached／gotto／arrivedattherailwaystationatsix．Ispenttenyuanonthebook．／Ipaidtenyuanforthebook．／Thebookcostmetenyuan．1.Shegotaletterfromherpenfriendlastweek．（2002甘肃省）She_________________herpenfriendlastweek．2.Lindalikesmusicbetterthanart．（2002呼和浩特市）Linda________music________art．3.Theyenjoyedthemselvesatthegardenparty．（2002广州市）They________________________________atthegardenparty．4.TheSmithsteachthemselvesChineseafterwork．（2002聊城市）TheSmiths________Chinese________themselvesafterwork．【类型二】运用反义词或词组改写原句有关部分。【解题要领】此类转换主要是通过改换主语和运用其相关词或词组的反义，进行同义转换。Iborrowedacomputerfromhim．／Helentacomputertome．IthinkmathsisharderthanEnglish．/IthinkEnglishiseasierthanmaths．5.ChineseismorepopularthanJapanese．（2001宁夏）Japaneseis________popularthanChinese．6.Therunnerfellbehindtheothersthoughhedidwhathecould．Therunner________to________withtheothersthoughhe________his________．【类型三】运用相同涵义的不同句式来表达。【解题要领】不同的句式表达同一涵义是英语表达的显著特点。在英语新教材中，这样的句式应用得也比较广泛。如：CanIhelpyou？／MayIhelpyou？／WhatcanIdoforyou？（我能帮你吗？）应要求学生充分掌握。Theartistspenttwohoursdrawingahorse．／Ittooktheartisttwohourstodrawahorse．Shallwegotothezoo？／Let'sgotothezoo，shallwe？What'stheweatherliketoday？／How'stheweathertoday？7.Don'topenthedoor，willyou？（2002盐城市）Willyouplease________thedoor________？8.HowmanypeopleliveinFrance？（2002厦门市）________________thepopulationofFrance？9.Wespenttwentyminutescleaningtheroomyesterday．It________________twentyminutes________________theroomyesterday．【类型四】运用感叹句的两种句式进行转换。【解题要领】感叹句的两种句式可进行相互转换，但必须把握其句型。How＋adj．／adv．＋主语＋谓语！What＋a（an）＋adj．＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！What＋adj．＋复数名词／不可数名词＋主语＋谓语！Howkindtheboyis！／Whatakindboyheis！Howbeautifulthemusicis！／Whatbeautifulmusicitis！10.Howbeautifultheparkis！（2000广州市）_________________________parkitis！【类型五】运用两种时态进行改写。【解题要领】这两种时态是针对一般过去时与现在完成时而言的。一般过去时应表述发生在过去某一时间的动作，惟此，才可能转为现在完成时，并后跟一段时间，但应特别注意动词是否属于延续性动词，如果为非延续性动词，则需将其改为延续性动词或延续性状态。这样的动词主要有：begin／start—beon；come—behere；leave—beaway（from）；buy—have；borrow—keep；die—bedead；return—beback；marry—bemarried；fallasleep／gotosleep—beasleep；open—beopen；close—beclosed；catchacold—haveacold；jointheLeague／Party—beintheLeague／Party（beaLeague／Partymember）；jointhearmy—beinthearmy／beasoldier；arrivein／at—bein／at；getup—beup，等等。Heboughtanewbikelastweek．/Hehashadanewbikesincelastweek．WangTaojoinedthearmysixyearsago．/WangTaohasbeenasoldierforsixyears/WangTaohasbeeninthearmyforsixyears．11.Thefilmbegan20minutesago．（2002盐城市）Thefilmhasbeen______________20minutes．12.Sam'sgrandfatherdied10yearsago．（2002上海市）Sam'sgrandfatherhasbeen______________10years．13.MygrandpajoinedthePartythirtyyearsago．（2002福州市）MygrandpathePartyforthirtyyears．14.Igotuphalfanhourago．（2002哈尔滨市）I______________upforhalfanhour．【类型六】运用复合句和不定式进行相互改写【解题要领】此类复合句主要是宾语从句和结果状语从句，宾语从句改为不定式的句式有：1）hope／wish，besure，tell等后跟that引导的从句，可转换为不定式；2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，也可转换为“特殊疑问词＋todo”结构，构成不定式短语。so．．．that．．．引导的结果状语从句有两种情况：1）表示肯定的结果，可与“enoughto”结构互换；2）表示否定的结果，它既可以与“too．．．to”结构互换，也可以改为“not＋adj．／adv．＋enoughto”。（注：此时的形容词或副词应为上句的反义词。）注意：“so．．that．．”结构前后主语不一致时，应在enough或too＋adj．后面加forsb．IhopethatIwillvisitthemoonsomeday．/Ihopetovisitthemoonsomeday．Heshowedmehowheusedacomputer．/Heshowedmehowtouseacomputer．Theroomissolargethatitcanhold1，000people．/Theroomislargeenoughtohold1，000people．Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool．/Heistooyoungtogotoschool．/Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool．15.Theycanhardlydecidewhattheywilldonext．______________forthemtodecidewhat______________next．16.TheforeignerswanttoknowhowtheycanlearnChineseKongfuwell．Theforeignerswanttoknow______________learnChineseKongfuwell．17.Heistooyoungtogotoschool．Heisn't______________togotoschool．18.Shewassoweakthatshecouldn'ttakecareofherbaby．Shewas_______weak_______takecareofherbaby．［类型七］运用介词短语改写。［解题要领］英语中的介词短语，诸如attheageof，without，insteadof，withthehelpof，thanksto，bein，besatisfiedwith等，可与一些复合结构进行转换，这类结构主要是并列句或两个句子，由连词and、but、when等连接。ShebegantolearnEnglishwhenshewaseight．/Attheageofeight，shebegantolearnEnglish．Wewillgoforapicnictomorrow．Wewon'tseeafilm．/Wewillgoforapicnicinsteadofseeingafilmtomorrow．19.Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputerwhenhewasfiveyearsold．（2000广州市）Hebegantolearnhowtouseacomputer________________________________________．20.Theheavytrafficstoppedthemfromgettingtoschoolintime．（2000成都市）________________theheavytrafficthey________________forschool．［类型八］运用被动语态进行改写。［解题要领］通过改变主语，主动语态与被动语态之间可进行同义句转换，在转换过程中，掌握被动语态的构成是最为关键的。学习被动语态应与时间紧密结合，根据时态，来确定被动语态的谓语部分。另外，还需充分把握含有情态动词的被动语态的结构，即“情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词”。ManypeoplespeakEnglish．／Englishisspokenbymanypeople．Weshouldregularlywaterflowers．/Flowersshouldbewateredregularly．21.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday．（2002辽宁省）Computers________widely________intheworldtoday．22.Wemustkeepthenoiselevelunder50dbs（分贝）．（2002上海市）Thenoiselevelmust________________under50dbs．［类型九］运用并列连词（组）改写。［解题要领］