牛津译林版8bunit7被动语态讲解与练习

8B被动语态讲解与练习一、概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。二、主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换。主动语态变为被动语态口诀:主变宾，宾变主，谓语变bedone,时不变,“be”要随着主语变.三、各种时态的被动语态的构成1.一般现在时：主语+be（is/am/are）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态①Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.______________________________________________________________________②TheyproducesilkinSuzhouandHangzhou.______________________________________________________________________③TheyspeakEnglishinCanada.______________________________________________________________________④TheygrowriceinSouthChina.______________________________________________________________________⑤Peopleusemetal(金属)formakingmachines.______________________________________________________________________⑥Wheredopeopleplantthetrees?______________________________________________________________________2.一般过去时：主语+be（was/were）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态①Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.______________________________________________________________________②MysistertookthesephotosontheGreatWall.______________________________________________________________________③Theybuiltmanytallbuildingsintheirhometownlastyear.______________________________________________________________________④Whendidyouinventthestrangemachine?______________________________________________________________________3.一般将来时：主语+will+be(不变形)+过去分词done+其它或主语+begoingto+be(不变形)+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态①Theywillbuildanotherbridgeinthecitynextyear.______________________________________________________________________②WillyouholdasportsmeetinginyourschoolnextFriday?____________asportsmeeting____________________inourschoolnextFriday?③Theyaregoingtoinvitealotofpopstarstothecharityshowthisevening.Alotofpopstars___________________________________tothecharityshowthisevening.④Wearenotgoingtoholdaparents’meetingtomorrow.Aparents’meeting_________________________________________tomorrow.4.含情态动词：主语+情态动词+be（不变形）+过去分词done+其它把下列句子改为被动语态①AmycantakegoodcareofTina.______________________________________________________________________②Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.______________________________________________________________________③Theyshouldcollectmoneyfortheproject.______________________________________________________________________④Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.______________________________________________________________________⑤Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.四、使用被动语态的注意点：1.感官动词、使役动词等在主动语态中后接不带to动词不定式变成被动语态时要加上“to”即：----see/hear/noticesb.dosth.变为了sb.beseen/heard/noticedtodosth.----let/make/havesb.dosth.变为了sb.belet/made/hadtodosth.把下列句子改为被动语态①Thebossmakestheworkersworkallday.______________________________________________________________________②Ioftenhearhersingintheroom.______________________________________________________________________③Isawhimenterthereadingroomyesterdayafternoon.______________________________________________________________________④Danielsawtheboyrunyesterday.______________________________________________________________________2.常见变被动的表达seesb.doingsb.beseendoinghearsb.doingsb.behearddoingwatchsb.doinsb.bewatcheddoingnoticesb.doingsb.benoticeddoingtellsb.todosb.betoldtodoasksb.todosb.beaskedtodoinvitedsb.todosb.beinvitedtodo把下列句子改为被动语态①Wesawthemplayingsocceroverthere.______________________________________________________________________②Heaskedmetobuysomesugar.______________________________________________________________________3.含有双宾语的主动、被动转换主语+谓语+间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth)主语(sb)+bedone+直接宾语(sth)+bysb主语(sth)+bedone+to/for+间接宾语(sb)+bysb把下列句子改为被动语态①Wegaveourteacherssomeflowers.Ourteachers___________________________________________________________________Someflowers__________________________________________________________________②Mymotherwillbuymeanewcoat.I___________________________________________________________________Anewcoat___________________________________________________________________③LilysentmeaNewYearcardlastweek.I__________________________________________________________________Anewcard___________________________________________________________________4.主动语态中“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”的短语动词变为被动语态时，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。要整体搬迁。把下列句子改为被动语态①Theylookafterthegirlwell.______________________________________________________________________②Heoftenlaughsatthepoorboy.______________________________________________________________________五、几种不用被动语态的情况：1.不及物动词（vi）没有被动语态,直接用主动语态表示被动意义。如：happen,cost,die,fall,start/begin,rise,appear,disappear,etc.用括号所给动词翻译句子①这台电脑花了我5000元。(cost)______________________________________________________________________②昨天他发生了一起事故。(happen)______________________________________________________________________③他爷爷3年前去世了。(die)______________________________________________________________________2.一些短语动词相当于不及物动词，没有被动结构,直接用主动形式来表示被动意义。如：takeplace,setout,cometrue,breakout,breakdown,comeout,belongto等用括号所给动词翻译句子①我校运动会将在下周举办。(takeplace)______________________________________________________________________②我的自行车坏了。（breakdown完成时）______________________________________________________________________③Ihopethatyourdream___________(come)trueinthefuture.3.系动词（linkingV）没有被动语态（seem,look,b