北京城区公园的植物种类构成及空间结构

333(,100085),.,53,96283492.21,.:,53186%,,;,,,2,,.,.1001-9332(2009)02-0298-09S731.2ASpeciescompositionandspatialstructureofplantsinurbanparksofBeijing1ZHAOJuan2juan,OUYANGZhi2yun,ZHENGHua,XUWei2hua,WANGXiao2ke(StateKeyLaboratoryofUrbanandRegionalEcology,ResearchCenterforEco2EnvironmentalSciences,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing100085,China).2Chin.J.Appl.Ecol.,2009,20(2):298-306.Abstract:Bythemethodofstratifiedrandomsampling,thespeciescompositionandspatialstruc2tureoftheplantsin53parksinBeijingurbanareawereinvestigated,aimedtoprovidebasicinfor2mationfortheprotectionofplantdiversityintheparksandthemanagementoftheparks.Atotalof492plantspeciesbelongto96familiesand283generawererecorded.Basedonthedataof21in2vestigationitemsaboutthetrees,shrubs,andgrassesinthestudyareaandrelatedstatisticalanaly2ses,theplantstructuralpatternscommonlyseeninthegreenspaceoftheparksofBeijingurbanar2eawereintroduced.Amongtheplantsintheparks,nativespeciesoccupied53186%ofthetotal.ThechorologicalcompositionofthegeneraembracedbroadkindsofgeographicalelementsinChi2na,andthepredominanceofdominantplantswasremarkable.Inmostgreenpatchesoftheparks,herbaceousspeciesweremoreabundantandhadhighercoverage,shrubshadrelativelylowcover2ageandwerelessbeneathtreecanopy,andtreesandshrubshadlowerspeciesrichnessanddensi2ty.Thecanopybreadthandthediameterofbreastheightoftreesaswellasthebreadthofshrubsandtheheightsoftreesandshrubswerebasicallyatthesecondgrade,butthecanopystructureofthetreeswerebetter,withgoodconditionsofsunlightandgrowth.Thecrownmissingoftheshrubswasrelativelylow.ItwassuggestedfromcorrelationanalysesanddocumentsurveyofBeijingparksconstructionhistorythatparklandscapedesign,alienspeciesintroduction,andcultivationmanage2mentwerethemainfactorsaffectingthespeciescompositionandspatialstructureoftheplantsinBeijingurbanparks.Keywords:parkecosystem;speciescomposition;greenspacestructure;urbanplants;urbanecology.3(KZCX22YW2422)(2007BAC28B01)(200820178).33.E2mail:[e-mail]2008207209,2008212204.20092202ChineseJournalofAppliedEcology,Feb.2009,20(2):298-306,[1].,[1-2].,,[3-7].,,,[8-11].,,,[3-4].,[12][13][14-17][17],.,,,,.1111(39284125N,11525117130E),,[18],116km2,1097km2,65212km2.,4119%,1112m2.2004,36754hm2,,8948hm29104168hm2,169,5900hm2.,512100km480(147),[17].112,20037820078.428,12042224;1242,17412501.4,,,2007.2003[19-20].20078,40.,,,.,,:,..,,10m10m.,(1m1m).GPS(1m).20078:1):;2):;3):;4):GPS.11311311[21]:Si=(Di+Fi+Ci)/3[21]:Si=(Fi+Ci)/3:Sii;Dii;Fii;Cii[19].113121.,,9922:1Tab.1GradingcriteriaofplantstructureofurbanparksinBeijingCompositionofgreenItemGrade12345Speciesper100m20110111210211310311410411TreePlantsper100m201011202130314041Crownwidth(m)034679101213DBH(cm)01011202130314041Height(m)056101115162021Heighttocrownbase(m)023456789Percentageofcanopymiss2ing01011202130314041Crowndiebackrate(%)056101115162021Crownlightexposure(side)01234GroundcoverPercentageofim2pervioussurfacebelowcanopy01011202130314041Percentageofshrubcoverbelowcanopy01011202130314041Treecover(%)02021404160618081Shrubcover(%)02021404160618081Plantablespace(%)02021404160618081Averageheight(m)0110111210211310311410411ShrubShrubcrowndiameter(m)0110111210211310311410411Percentageofleaveslayermissing02021404160618081100Speciesperm200103001031010600106101090010910112001121Plantsperm20210211410411610611810811Speciesperm2023456789HerbPlantsperm2020002001400040016000600180008001Averageheight()02021404160618081Coverage(%)040418081120121160161:1),;2),5();3),;4)50%,100%,50%50%;5),,5%,,15,1,69,2;,5%5,5.SPSS1115KendallSpearman,MicrosoftExcel2003.221196283492,1915%.,25510112214.,265,5319%;135,2715%;92,1817%.,,[22],1718%(2).,,1317%,(714%),..106012%6013%5316%,5118%3115%3518%,5918%6219%(13).10,,(Sophorajaponica)003202Tab.2CompositionofnativespeciesinurbanparksofBeijingTypeofplantTree47539088175212Shrub314711666102617Vine9121775105219Hurb163211917771317183[22]DataresourceformountainareaofBeijingwasfromdocument[22].:No.ofnativespeciesinurbanparksofBeijing;:No.ofnativespeciesinurbanareaofBeijing;:No.ofnativespeciesinmountainareaofBeijing;:Propor2tionofnativespeciesofurbanparkstothatofurbanareainBeijing(%);:ProportionofnativespeciesofurbanparkstothatofmountainareainBei2jing(%).(Populustomentosa)(Salixmatsudanavar1matsudanaf1pendula),(1).10,(Buxusmegistophylla)(Rosachinensis)(Buxussinicavar1parvifolia),(Sabinaprocumbens)(Forsythiasuspensa)(Loniceramaackii).,(Poapratensis)(Ophiopogonjaponi2cus)(Buchloedactyloides),.10,4,2015%1915%1317%,63913%3213%4615%,106517%6214%7712%.10,6,4412%1616%3313%,41817%1419%2710%,102917%4713%4418%.10,1,019%311%,93419%5015%,109714%9412%.,,,.1032:(Com2positae(Asteraceae))(Gramineae(Poace2ae))(Rosaceae)(Leguminosae),43416%.[22].4151,97,6412%,1013%..101315%,(Artemisia)(Prunus)(Populus)116%.3,[22]10..212,.263,1511,,,.[22],,51,1915%,117%716%(4),,.1614%1212%,018%110%412%016%[22].,,.,,,,.,,[22],t2.4Fig.4FloristiccompositionofplantsinurbanparksofBeijing.:MountainareainBeijing;:Urbanareas(withinfifthringeroad);:Parksintheurbanarea.1)Cosmopolitan;2)Pantropic;3)TropicalAsiaandTropicalAmer