高中英语五大句型 详解

practice•Everymorning,littleJimalwayssendssomeimportantlettersfromBritainwhichmaybringgoodnewsorbadnewstothepoorsoldierwoundedinthesecondworldwar10yearsago.Jimsendsletterstosoldier(主+v+双宾语)•Whenshewasyoung,withtheheavyburdenofthefamily,shehadtodosomepart-timejobsofferedbylocalgovernment,whichcouldhelpherabit.shehadtodojobs.(主+v+宾语)•Anyang,inthenorthofHenanprovince,whereJiaGuWenhadbeendiscovered,isthecapitalcityofShangDynasitydatingbackto3000yearsago.Anyangisthecapitalcity.(主+系+表)英语中再长的句子，经过压缩删减之后，剩下的主干（即说话人所要表达的中心意思）实际就五种形式，如能熟练掌握这五种句型，就能很快的抓住句子中心意思并正确翻译，再长的句子也不怕一、主语+v+宾语•英语句子都是围绕动词展开的。主语即动作的发出者；宾语即动作的承受者或动作的作用对象。•在此结构中v必须是及物动词：eg.Iappreciateyourtimelyhelp.•主语和宾语分别可以由什么来充当？•V的变化：1）有不同时态：Ihavebeenthinkingaboutlifeformanyyears./I’mdoingmyhomework.2)可以和情态动词连用：heshouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.3)可以和助动词连用：Ididn’tknowthetruth.二、主语+v•此结构中v为不及物动词Eg.Theaudiencesapplaud.Abrightsunrisesfromeastofthesky.思考：此结构有没有被动语态？为什么？三、主+系动词+表语•系动词:be动词、become,turnfeel,hear,listento,sound,see,lookat,watch，tasteseem,appear,lookprove,turnouttobe•表语可以由什么充当？•英语中为什么会出现这种结构？有没有被动语态？Eg.Iamastudent./Ifeelcold.(am和feel本身并没有表达清楚动作要求)1)Thebestwaytomakesurethatwe’llfeelandlookfineistodevelopahealthyeatinghabit.2)Creatinganewfestivalmayseemanunusualwaytocelebratehistoryandculture.3)Aclown’sjobistoamuseaudiences.4)WhatAmericahasincommonwithGermanyisthattheyaredevelopedcountries.5)Myfavoritesportisswimming.四、主+v+直接宾语+间接宾语（双宾语）这种句型与动词的选用有关，即只有某些动词后才可以接双宾语。•动词有：ask（询问）,tell,answer,give,lend,borrow,send,bring,pass,hand,sell,leave,buy,teach,show,offer…•要注意的两个问题1）该句型在定于从句中的应用Thetower___sheshowedmedatesfrom1140.Thefield___mygrandfatherpassedtomehasbeenirrigated.2)该句型变被动语态Hegivesmeabook.宾补：在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语后意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态、动作等，称为宾语补足Eg.Thesunkeepsuswarm.Ihearhimsinging.这种句型的产生也与动词有关：感官动词,三让（let,have,make）其他（find,think,consider,advise,order,ask命令，want…）AbookisgiventomebyhimIamgivenabookbyhim五、主+v+宾语+宾补需要注意的一个问题：感官动词既出现在该结构中刚才还出现在主系表结构中，这是为什么？Eg.比较Youlooktied.itsoundsfunnytodothis.IsawhimcrossingtheroadIfeelhimunhappytoday.翻译下列句子：我想让你去参加这次会议。（want）我发现骗他还真不容易。(find)他把手表修了修。(have)老板让我做了份计划。(let)Tom把他妹妹弄哭了。(make)Therebe句型：要注意的几个问题1）TherehasabigtowerinAnyang.Therehavebeenmanysurvivorswaitinghelp.该句型表示“有”的含义，不要和have连用。2)Thereusedtobe…therehappentobe…thereseemtobe…为下列句子润色•Marypassedgrandmotherabottleofwine.•Theearthquakemakeswholenationsad.•Manynursesanddoctorsarehelpingthesurvivors.•Myfatherisaprofessor.•ThereportersofCCTVspreadthelatestnews.