【语法强攻 教师整理】2016届高考英语总复习专题课件：名词(共23张PPT)

种类例词单复数同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means,series,species,works,headquarters形单意复people,police,youth,cattle,staff形复意单news,physics,politics1.可数名词的复数不规则变化一、名词的单复数种类例词合成词变复数passerby→passersby,sonin-law→sonsin-law,looker-on→lookerson,gobetween→go-betweens,grownup→grownups词形变化man→men,child→children，tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice，medium→media2.不可数名词的数(1)有些抽象名词在具体化时，以复数形式出现；表示特指时，可以和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”的意义时，可以和不定冠词连用。insurprise“惊讶地”，asurprise“一件令人惊讶的事”；winsuccess“获得成功”，asuccess“一个/件成功的人/事”；byexperience“靠经验”，anexperience“一次经历”；withpleasure“乐意”，apleasure“一件乐事”。(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词，有单、复数。somecoffee“一些咖啡”，threecoffees“三杯咖啡”；somedrink“一些饮料”，threedrinks“三杯饮料”；hishair“他的头发”，afewgreyhairs“几根白发”；glass“玻璃”，aglass“一只玻璃杯”。(3)有些不可数名词的复数形式表示特殊的意义。time“时间”，times“次数，时代，倍”；wood“木头”，woods“树林”；sand“沙子”，sands“沙滩”；work“工作”，works“工厂，著作，工程，工事”。注意：有些名词的单复数具有不同的含义，如：game游戏，比赛→games运动会；mass大量，众多，团，块→masses群众，民众等。二、名词的作用名词在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语、状语。注意：名词作定语时，一般用单数形式，如：shoerepairers,pencilboxes,toothbrushes。但也有例外，如：asportscar,acustomsofficer,aclothesshop等。另外，“man/woman+名词”变为复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变复数。如：menteachers。三、名词的所有格名词的所有格在句中表示所属关系，用来作定语，修饰名词。1.-’s所有格，多用来表示有生命的东西，如：PeterandTom’sschool。2.如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”；如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加“’s”。如：TomandMike’sroom(共有)Tom’sandMike’sbooks(不共有)3.of所有格（名词+of+名词）多用来表示无生命的东西，如：thelegsofthechair,thedoorofthehouse。4.双重所有格指“of+名词的-’s所有格”或“of+名词性的物主代词”，如：afriendofmybrother’s,apictureofmine。5.表示时间、距离、价格、重量、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”表示所有格。today’spapers;tenminutes’walk;fivepounds’weight;tendollars’worthofcoffee;theworld’spopulation;China’sindustry;NewYork’sparks6.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home。如：thetailor’s;thedoctor’s,myuncle’s。考点一名词词义辨析高考对名词词义辨析的考查主要体现在单项填空和完形填空中，其选项基本上是形似的词、意义相近但用法不同的词或者形式和意义都不相关的词。解这类题的关键是要弄清楚选项中各个名词的含义，同时也要注意联系上下文的搭配和语境。【考例】Shewasputunderhousearresttwoyearsagobutremainedapowerful_____inlastyear’selection.A.symbolB.portraitC.identityD.statue考点二名词固定搭配【考例】Youareworkingtoohard.You’dbetterkeepa_____betweenworkandrelaxation.A.promiseB.leadC.balanceD.diary【分析】选C。该题考查固定搭配。keepabalancebetween...and...意为“在……和……之间保持平衡”。考点三名词的格名词所有格主要体现在短文改错中。如：WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriend’shelentmelotsofclothes.考点四名词的数对名词单复数的考查主要体现在单词拼写、语法填空以及短文改错中。【考例】1.Sincethen—foralltheseyear—...2.（Key:year改为years）2.Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69._______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.（Key:69.changes）I.根据所学单词及提示写出所缺单词的正确形式。1.Scientistshaveonlyrecentlybeenabletogaina_____tothearea.2.Thedoctorsaidafunandrelaxing___________(气氛)couldhelptheinjuredrecoverfaster.3.—It’saw_____oftimetryingtopersuadeLucytochangehermind.—Ican’tagreemore.Sheistoostubborn.accessatmospherewaste4.Therehavebeen_____(迹象)ofimprovementseenintheeconomyofourcountry,asmorepeoplehavefoundjobs.5.Didyoubreakthe_____(习惯)ofgettinguptoolateonweekends?6.OnJune27,2012,theJiaolongreacheda_____(深度)of7,062metresinthePacificOcean.signshabitdepth7.Whetherwewasteourpotentialtalents,ourowntime,ourlimitednatural________(资源),ourmoney,orotherpeople’stime,eachofuscanbecomemoreawareandcareful.(2014年福建卷短文填词)II.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Myfirst_________(impress)ofourmathteacherwasthathewasakindyoungman.2.Readthesenotescarefullyandkeepthemforfuture___________(refer).resourcesimpressionreferrence3.Thisbooktellsthelifestoryofthefamous___________(business),wholeftschoolandopenedhisownsmallcompanyattheageof17.4.Theyshouldhaveagoodchanceofwinningthe____________(compete).5.The___________(present)ofprizesbeganafterthespeeches.businessmancompetitionpresentation从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Windisnowtheworld’sfastestgrowing___A__ofpower.A.sourceB.senseC.resultD.root2.—Couldyoutellmethe__D___ofmakingsuchtastycakes?—Well,Ijustfollowthedirectionsinthecookbook.A.featureB.planC.costD.trick3.Wemostprefertosayyestothe___B__ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A.attemptsB.requestsC.doubtsD.promises4.—Whynotbuyasecond-handcarfirstifyoudon’thaveenoughmoneyforanewone?—That’sagood__C___.A.sayingB.questionC.suggestionD.account5.Her__A___forwritingwasadesireforwomentogettherighttohighereducation.A.motivationB.qualificationC.talentD.technique