The-Old-Man-and-the-Sea解读

TheOldManandtheSeaByErnestHemingway•Amanisnotmadefordefeat,amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.•一个人并不是生来就要被打败的，人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败Introduction•TheOldManandtheSeaisanovelwrittenbyAmericanauthorErnestHemingway,in1951inCubaandpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.Oneofhismostfamousworks,itcentersuponSantiago,anagingfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream.backBackground•Hemingwaywantedtousethestoryoftheoldman,Santiago,toshowthehonorinstruggleandtodrawbiblicalparallelstolifeinhismodernworld.PossiblybasedonthecharacterofGregorioFuentes,HemingwayhadinitiallyplannedtouseSantiago'sstory,whichbecameTheOldManandtheSea,aspartofanintimacybetweenmotherandsonandalsothefactofrelationshipsthatcovermostofthebookrelatetotheBible,whichhereferredtoasTheSeaBook.(HealsoreferredtotheBibleastheSeaofKnowledgeandothersuchthings.)SomeaspectsofitdidappearintheposthumouslypublishedIslandsintheStream.PositivefeedbackhereceivedforOntheBlueWater(Esquire,April1936)ledhimtorewriteitasanindependentwork.backPlot•Thisisabookabouttheoldfishermanwholivesaloneinseafishing.Afterthe84dayswithnothinghecaughtahugemarlin.Ithadneverbeenseenandheardoffortheoldman.Thefishwasatleastlongerthanhisboattwofeet.Thefishisverylarge,draggingtheboatdriftedfortwodaysandnights,theelderlywasinaneversufferedthroughadifficulttestinthesetwodaysandtwonights.Finallythefishwasstabbedandtiedtothebow.However,itisunfortunatethatasharksuddenlyturnedupinreturning,theelderlyandtheSharkhadadesperatestruggle,finally,thegiantmarlinwaseatenupbyshark.Aftersomebitter,theoldpeopledraggedhomeonlyabareandaskeletonoftheinjury,buthestillbeappreciated.backMainCharacters•Theoldman–Lonely,unlucky,poor,oldandweak,suffering–Experienced,optimistic,confident,brave,perseverant,clever,wittybackMainCharacters•Theboy–Brave,self-esteem,proud–Responsibility–Stubborn,lenientbackComment•Thebookisafableoftheunconquerablespiritofman,acreaturecapableofsnatchingspiritualvictoryfromcircumstancesofdisasterandmaterialdefeat.•Itisaparableofreligioussignificance,itsthemesupportedbythewriter‘sunobtrusive（谦虚）handlingofChristiansymbolsandmetaphors.LikeColeridge'sAncientMariner.Appreciation•Verysimplestructureandplot•Distinctcharacters•Simplebutaccurateandvividwords•Vividdescriptionofactionsanddialogues•ImplicitstyleRhetoricalDevices•SymbolicTechnique–Sea–Boy–Fish–Lion•Simile•ExaggerationbackSymbolicTechnique•Theboy——theman’syoungerhimself•Sea——difficultsituation,darkreality•Fish–Marlin:humanideal,pursuitforbeyondthelimits–Shark:obstacletosuccess,avarietyofdifficulty•Lion——ambition,power,strength,courage,confidence,kingSymbolicTechnique•“Allmylifetheearlysunhashurtmyeyes,hethought.Yettheyarestillgood.”;“Butinthemorningitispainful.”•Earlysun——one’syouthhurtsbutstillisverybeautifulSymbolicTechnique•“…hewatchedthefirstlightcomebeforethesunrise.”•light——hope,wish,expect•Thissentencesymbolizesthatvictoryisaroundthecorner.FishintheNovel•Hemingwayhasawealthofknowledgeoftheseaandthemarinecreatures.Heknowssomanykindsoffish.Herearesomepicturesofthefishinthenovel.backFishintheNovel•Marlin：大马林鱼–Anobleopponent,huge,beautiful,FishintheNovel•Sardine：沙丁鱼•Flyingfish：飞鱼FishintheNovel•Bonito：[bə'niːtəʊ]鲣•Albacore：['ælbəkɔː]长鳍金枪鱼FishintheNovel•Tuna['tjuːnə]：金枪鱼•Broadbill：['brɔːdbɪl]旗鱼FishintheNovel•Mako：['mɑ:kəu]灰鲭鲨–Fierce,powerful•Dorado：[də'rɑːdəʊ]剑鱼FishintheNovel•Galano：加拉诺鲨–hateful,badsmelling,scavenger食腐动物•Shovelnose：铲鲨–Amean,uglyenemyBeautifulSentences•ButItrynottoborrow.Firstyouborrow.Thenyoubeg.•Ageismyalarmclock.•Everydayisanewday.Itisbettertobelucky.ButIwouldratherbeexact.Thenwhenluckcomesyouareready.•Thecloudswerebuildingupnowforthetradewindandhelookedaheadandsawaflightofwildducksetchingthemselvesagainsttheskyoverthewater,thenblurring,thenetchingagain.BeautifulSentences•Ihateacramp,hethought.Itisatreacheryofone'sownbody.•I'llkillhimthough,hesaid.Inallhisgreatnessandhisglory.BeautifulSentences•ButIwillshowhimwhatamancandoandwhatamanendures.•Manisnotmuchbesidethegreatbirdsandbeasts.•Nowisnotimetothinkofwhatyoudonothave.Thinkofwhatyoucandowithwhatthereis.BeautifulSentences•Buthecouldnotanditstayedatthehardnessandwaterdropshiveringthatprecededbreaking.•But,then,nothingiseasy.•Thereisnooneworthyofeatinghimfromthemannerofhisbehaviorandhisgreatdignity.•Thepunishmentofhunger,andthatheisagainstsomethingthathedoesnotcomprehend,iseverything.•Andpaindoesnotmattertoaman.BeautifulSentences•NeverhaveIseenagreater,ormorebeautiful,oracalmerormorenoblethingthanyou,brother.•…andtheseawasdiscoloringwiththeredofthebloodfromhisheart.BeautifulSentences•Thecloudsoverthelandnowroselikemountainsandthecoastwasonlyalonggreenlinewiththegraybluehillsbehindit.Thewaterwasadarkbluenow,sodarkthatitwasalmostpurple.•Butnoneofthesescarswerefresh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert.Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.BeautifulSentences•Amanisnotmadefordefeat,amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.•Itissillynottohope,hethought.•Besides,he