中考英语之词形变换类题型的几个考点

词形变换类题型的几个考点一、可数名词单数变复数类：1．规则变化:（1）一般情况加-s,如:girls,books,pens,bags,boys,days等。（2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾加-es,如:buses,boxes,watches,brushes等。（3）以o结尾的名词，无生命的名词多加-s，有生命的名词多加-es。（4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加-es,如:city→cities,story→stories（5）以f或fe结尾的名词变f或fe为v加-es。如:leaf→leaves,knife→knives,shelf→shelves等。（roof→roofs）2．不规则变化的名词要熟记：man→men,woman→women,child→children,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,mouse→mice,people→people,sheep→sheep,Chinese→Chinesedeer→deerJapanese→Japanese二、名词变形容词类：1．在动词或名词后加后缀-ful,如：care→careful;use→useful;thank→thankful;help→helpful;beauty→beautiful;wonder→wonderfulforget→forgetful2．在名词后加-y,如：luck→lucky,cloud→cloudy;wind→windy;rain→rainy;sun→sunny,snow→snowynoise-noisyhealth→healthy3．在名词后加-y,如：friend→friendlylove→lovelyday→daily4．方位名词加-ern，如：east→easternwest→westernsouth→southernnorth→northernnortheast→northeastern6．在名词后加-less,变成否定含义的形容词。如：use→uselesshope→hopelesscare→careless三、形容词加后缀变成名词1．形容词加-ness变成名词，如：happy→happinessill→illnessweak→weaknesskind→kindnessgood→goodnesscareless→carelessness2．形容词加-ty变成名词，如：safe→safetydifficult→difficulty3．形容词加-th变成名词，如：true→truthwarm→warmthyoung→youth4．形容词加-ence/ance变成名词，如：important→importancedependent→dependencedifferent→difference四、形容词变副词类：形容词修饰名词、代词等作定语或表语；副词修饰动词、形容词或副词作状语。1．一般形容词词尾加-ly变成副词，如：slow→slowlyclear→clearlyquick→quicklyquiet→quietlycareful→carefullysudden→suddenlyreal→really2．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，要变y为i加-ly，如：easy→easilyhappy→happilyheavy→heavilylucky→luckilybusy→busilyangry→angrily;3．以元音字母加辅音字母＋e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly，如：polite→politelysafe→safelywide→widely4．以元音字母＋e结尾，去e加-ly，如：true→truly5．以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e加-y，如：terrible→terriblypossible→possibly6．形容词与副词同形，如：fast→fastearly→earlyhigh→highhard→hard7．形容词与副词异形，如：good→well8．注意：hard作形容词时意思是“困难的；硬的；生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。五、动词变名词类：1．动词加-er变成名词，如：work→workerfarm→farmerteach→teachersing→singerspeak→speakerplay→playerread→readerdrive→driverwrite→writerride→riderdance→dancerrun→runner;win→winnercook→cookerwash→washertravel→traveler2．动词加-or变成名词，如：visit→visitorinvent→inventoroperate→operatorconduct→conductor3．动词加-tion变成名词，如：operate→operationinvent→inventionliberate→liberation六、基数词变序数词类：主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：one→firsttwenty→twentiethtwo→secondthirty→thirtieththree→thirdforth→fortiethfour→fourthfifty→fiftiethsix→sixthsixty→sixtiethseven→seventheighty→eightietheight→eighthninety→ninetiethnine→ninthtwenty-one→twenty-firstten→tenthtwenty-two→twenty-secondeleven→eleventhtwenty-three→twenty-thirdtwelve→twelfth七、形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：①一般词尾加er,est；如：fastfasterfastest②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-est；如：easyeasiereasiest③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est；如：hothotterhottest④以e结尾加-r，-st；如：fine→finer,nice→nicer（2）部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more,most变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting→moreinteresting，mostinterestingbeautiful→morebeautiful，mostbeautifulslowly→moreslowly，mostslowlyquickly→morequickly，mostquickly（3）不规则变化：good→better→bestwell→better→bestmany→more→mostmuch→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest.ill→worse→worstbad/badly→worse→worstold→older/older→oldest/eldest2．原级：as＋形容词或副词的原形＋as“和……一样……”，notas/so＋形容词或副词的原形＋as“和……不一样……”。八、人称代词变化类：要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：数类别人称单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishistheirtheirsherhersitsits九、常见的反义词：1．动词buy—selltake—bringremember—forgetdie—livelove—haterise—fallask—answerstart—finishmiss—catchpull—pushgo—comelend—borrow2．形容词little—muchshort—tall/longright—left/wrongfree—busyfull—emptyfew—manygood—badwhite—blackcareful—carelessdead—livingcheap—expensiveclean—dirtyeasy—difficultwet—drysame—differentopen—closedstrong—weaklight—heavy数格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hesheithimherIttheythey习题精选1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying.(noise)2.Hewasoneofthebestinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)3.GuangzhouisinthepartofChina.(south)4.September10thisDay.(teacher)5.Beijingersaretruetotheworld.(friend)6.Look!HowKateislaughing!(happy)7.It’sonlytenwalkfromthestationtothehotel.(minute)8.Pleasetakecareof,boysandgirls.(you)9.Idon’tthinkthisismypen,thoughitlookslike.(I)10.MrsReadlearnedChineseasherlanguage.(two)11.DoyouthinkJulyisthananyothermonthinourcountry?(hot)12.Ofallthestudentsinourclass,Lucytalksbutdoesmost.(little)13.Herearetenofthenames.(run)14.Itsnowedlastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.(heavy)15.Youshouldn’trideyourbikesofastatthe.(turn)16.Helptothesecakes,children.(you)17.Pleasekeepyoureyes.(close)18.Johnisthestudentinourclass.(old)19.Mikewillhavehisbirthdaypartyathometomorrow.(twelve)20.Howmanyarethereinyourclass?(girl)21.ThissweaterisLucy’sandthatoneoverthereis.(my)22.Nowpeopleusecomputersvery.(wide)23.Whatwouldyoulike,someorvegetables?(meat)24.thehelpofourteacher,wecouldn’tpasstheexam.(with)25.Wecannotdecidewhoshouldopenthepresent.(one)26.Wealwaysgotothelibraryaweek.(one)27.Thehousenexttothestreetarevery.(noise)28.MoreandmorehavecometovisitChinatheseyears.(foreign)29.Inafewtime,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.(year)30.EveryoneknowsthatifDickworks,hewilldomuchb