杭州学军中学高二英语新题型概要写作(summary)

1杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作summary-----1I：Whatisasummary?Asummaryisabriefrestatementoftheessentialthoughtofalongercomposition.Itreproducesthethemeoftheoriginalwithasfewwordsaspossible.II：TipsonsummarywritingWhilereading1.Isthepassageanarration,exposition,argumentationoradescription?2.Arethereanytopicsentencesorkeywords?Ifso,underlinethemandparaphrasethem.Whilewriting1.Structure1)Topicsentences2)Mainsupportingpoints/evidence3)About60words2.Language1)Touseyourownwords*2)Tobeconcise(leaveoutthedetails;reducetheexamples;simplifythedescriptions;eliminateallrepetitions.)3)Topresenttheinformationfairly,donotgiveyourowncomments4)Tousethethirdpersontoretell5)Tenses(narrationofteninthepasttense)文体类型一：议论文议论文通常包括论点、论据和结论，因此写议论文的概要主要是找出主题句（thetopicsentences)、支撑句（supportingsentences）和结论句（conclusionsentences)。其中最主要的是找准主题句。概要模板：论点＋论据（＋结论）Gettingridofdirt,intheopinionofmostpeople,isagoodthing.However,thereisnothingfixedaboutattitudestodirt.Intheearly16thcentury,peoplethoughtthatdirtontheskinwasameanstoblockoutdisease,asmedicalopinionhaditthatwashingoffdirtwithhotwatercouldopenuptheskinandletillsin.Aparticulardangerwas,thoughttolieinpublicbaths.By1538,theFrenchkinghadclosedthebathhousesinhiskingdom.SodidthekingofEnglandin1546.ThusbeganalongtimewhentherichandthepoorinEuropelivedwithdirtinafriendlyway.HenryIV,KingofFrance,wasfamouslydirty.Uponlearningthatanoblemanhadtakenabath,thekingorderedthat,toavoidtheattackofdisease,thenoblemanshouldnotgoout.Thoughthebeliefinthemerit(好处)ofdirtwaslong-lived,dirthasnolongerbeenregardedasaniceneighboreversincethe18thcentury.Scientificallyspeaking,cleaningawaydirtisgoodtohealth.Cleanwatersupplyandhandwashingarepracticalmeansofpreventingdisease.Yet,itseemsthatstandardsofcleanlinesshavemovedbeyondsciencesinceWorldWarII.Advertisementsrepeatedlyselltheidea:clothesneedtobewhiterthanwhite,clothseversofter,surfacestoshine.Hasthehatefordirt,however,gonetoofar?Attitudestodirtstilldifferhugelynowadays.Manyfirsttimeparentsnervouslytrytowarntheirchildrenofftouchingdirt,whichmightberesponsibleforthespreadofdisease.Onthecontrary,MaryRuebush,anAmericanimmunologist(免疫学家),encourageschildrentoplayinthedirttobuildupastrongimmunesystem(免疫系统).Andthelatterpositionisgainingsomeground.(302words)2杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作summary-----2ShoweringHelpsBrainTAKINGashowerisrelaxing.Youcanhumasong,daydreamorthinkaboutnothing,leavingtherealworldbehindyou.Butdidyouknowthatshoweringcanalsobenefityourmind?ApieceofresearchbyScottBarryKaufman,apsychologistfromYaleUniversityintheUSinterviewedover3,000peoplearoundtheworld.Itturnedoutthatnearlytwo-thirdsoftheintervieweessaidtheyhadexperiencednewideasintheshowerandweremorelikelytohavethemintheshowerthanatwork.Sowhydoesasimpleshowerhavesuchmagicpower?Sciencecanexplainit.Showeringcanhelptoraiseourlevelofdopamine(多巴胺),ahormone(荷尔蒙)closelyrelatedtoourcreativity.“Peoplevaryintermsoftheirlevelofcreativityaccordingtotheactivityofdopamine”,explainedAliceFlaherty,arenownedAmericanneuroscientist(神经系统科学家).“Takingawarmshowercanmakeusfeelrelaxedandthereforemakethedopaminelevelriseandbringthe‘Aha!’momenttous.”Besidesthechemicalchanges,showeringmaygiveyouabreakfromwhatyoufeelyouhavebeenstuckwith.Especiallywhenyouhavethoughthardalldayaboutaproblem,jumpingintotheshowercankeepyoufromtheoutsideworldsothatyoucanfocusonyourinnerfeelingsandmemories.Inthisway,accordingtoAmericanpsychologistShelleyH.Carson,authorofYourCreativeBrain,“ashoweringhourmayturnintoan‘incubation(孵化)period’foryourideas”.Comparedwithsittinginfrontofacomputer,takingashowerissomethingwedolessfrequentlyinourdailylives.Whenshowering,wegetafreshexperiencewiththechangeoflocation,temperatureandhumidity.“Newandunexpectedexperiencescanleadtopositivechangesinthinking,“explainedKaufman.“Gettingoffthecouchandjumpingintheshowermaycreateadistanceandforceyoutothinkfromanewpointofview”.Showeringallowsustoenjoythecreativejuicesofourminds,whichmakesthebathroomanalternativewhereyougetyourinspiration.Sonexttimeyouconsiderwaystofreeyourmind,countitin.Abriefoutline:Para1-2：Para3：Para4Para5Para6Para7:Summary：（40---80words）(不得使用原句)（不得发表自己观点）3杭州学军中学高二英语新题型写作summary-----3第二节：概要写作：25分(先做选择，再概要写作（40---80词）（不分段）（不得抄写原句）IntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontototalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinSo-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcon