英语标点符号的使用Use

•PartIManuscriptForm•1.Howtowriteacorrecttitle?•■Writethetitleinthemiddleoffirstline.•■Noperiod(fullstop)isusedattheendofatitle.•Capitalizethefirstletterinthefirstandlastwordsofthetitleandallotherkeywordsincludingwordsfollowinghyphensincompoundwords,except•articles(a,an,the)•coordinatingconjunctions(and,but)•shortprepositions(in,on,for,at,of,to,etc),andthetoininfinitives.•PrideAndPrejudice•aTaleofTwoCities•TheDuchess•MyDad,theDrummer•SundayinthePark•RulestoAbideBy•Useaquestionmarkifthetitleisadirectquestion,butdonotuseitforanindirectquestion.(DoYouLikeIt?/IDon’tKnowDoYouLikeIt)•Usequotationmarkswithquotesortitlesofarticles,essays,shortstories,shortpoems,songs,etc.,andforchaptersorsubdivisionsofbooks.•Useitalicsorunderliningwithnamesofbooks,periodicals,newspapers,plays,longpoems,movies,operas,etc..•ItalicsV.S.Underlining•Eg.•DickensandDavidCopperfieldorDavidCopperfield•WhatCantheArtistDointheWorldofToday?•WhatReformMeanstoChina•TheMythofa“NegroLiterature”•TheEnglish-SpeakingPeopleinQuebec•Jewett’sShortStory“AWhiteHeron”•5.THEMAINDIFFERENCEBETWEENMYCOLLEGELIFEANDMIDDLESCHOOLLIFE(1996)•6.MOREPRESSUREFROMACADEMICSTUDIESDOES(DOESNO)GOODTOUS(1997)•7.ONEWAYTOSOLVEAIRPOLLUTION(1998)•8.AMAJORADVANTAGE/DISADVANTAGEOFADVERTISINGONTELEVISION(1999)LessonThreeCapitalization&PunctuationMarksPartICapitalization1.Capitalsareusedmainlyforthreepalces:◆ThefirstwordofacompletesentenceEg.AsfarasI’mconcerned,collegestudentsshouldn’thirecleaners.◆WordsintitlesTheImportanceOfKeepingAGoodMood(?)◆PropernamesZhangzhouNormalUniversityFujianProvincialGovernmewntPartIIPunctuationMarksContents:•句号（FullStop/Period）•问号（QuestionMark）•感叹号（ExclamationMark）•逗号（Comma）•冒号（Colon）•分号（Semicolon）•连字符（Hyphen）•破折号（Dash）•引号（QuotationMarks）•省略号（Ellipsis）II.TheImportanceofusingpunctuationcorrectlyInChina,therearelotsofgoodexamplesofusingpunctuationwithskills.Actually,acompletesentencemayhavedifferentmeaningbyputtingpunctuationmarksdifferently.Eg.▲下雨天留客天留我不留▲无鸡鸭亦可无鱼肉亦可青菜萝卜万不可少不得工钱▲有粮不卖给八路吃▲满意不满意▲我赞成他也赞成你怎么样InEnglish,similarly,therearealsomanygoodexamplesofskillfuluseofpunctuation.Themostfamousoneisasfollows:(justoutsideofabarber’s/ahairdresser’s)WHATDOYOUTHINKISHAVEYOUFORNOTHINGANDGIVEYOUADRINKTomsaystheteacherisasillydonkey.•Tom,saystheteacher,isasillydonkey.womanwithouthermanisnothing.•Woman,withoutherman,isnothing.•Woman!Withouther,manisnothing.IIIThedifferencesbetweenChinesepunctuationsandtheEnglishonesperiodellipsisQuota-tionmarksunder-liningitalicscommaEnglish.…“”ABCABC,Chinese。……“”《》《》《》,:、IVSpecificusesofpunctuations1.TheComma(,)(P428)(1)Acommaisusedinacompoundsentencebeforetheconjunctionorconnective(and,but,or,for,nor,so,yet)(2)Acommaisusedafteranadverbialclauseorphrase(includingaprepositionalphraseandaparticipialphrase)beforethesubjectofthesentenceorinthemiddleofthesentence.（Whenyoubelieveinyourself,youcanachieveabetterresult.）(3)Commasareusedtoseparateaseriesofwordsorphrasehavingthesamefunctioninthesentence.Welikefruits,suchaspineapple,pomelo,etc.(4)Nonrestrictiveclausesandphrasesaresetoffbycommas.Imessuptheexam,whichmakesmeverydisappointed.Thegirlinblue,whoisthemonitor,ispopularintheparty.(5)Commassetoffparentheticalelements.2.ThePeriod(.)(P432)(1)Aperiodisusedattheendofadeclarativesentence,amildlyimperativesentence,andanindirectquestion.(2)Aperiodisusedwithmostabbreviations.Eg.etc.a.m./p.m.U.S.ACo.J.K.Rowling问号（QuestionMark）•用于疑问句或语气较委婉的祈使句之后。•用来表示存疑或无把握。•用于陈述句之后表示疑问。•表示强调。Eg.Ihavetoldyounottotouchthatnewmachine.→Haven'tItoldyounottotouchthatnewmachine?感叹号（ExclamationMark）•表示感慨、惊讶、命令、哀怨、赞赏、决心等。•用于感叹词之后。Howtimeflies！Bequiet!Oh!Fire!Pleaseleavealone!Whatagirl!What？Agirl！冒号（Colon）•冒号用于对后面内容的介绍或解释•用于一个正式的引用之前。也可用于商业或正式信函的称谓后面.•冒号用于数字时间的表示.•冒号用于主标题和副标题之间.Thisisherplan:goshopping.Theprofessorsaid:“Itwashorrible.”4:45p.m./4.45WebDirectory:WorldandNon-U.S.EconomicData分号（Semicolon）•用于并列分句之间。•分隔已经有逗号分割的成分，以免导致歧义。•用于由forexample,forinstance,namely,thatis(tosay),infact,i.e.,等词语引导的句子之前。Yourbikeisnew;mineisold.Hissisterisabusygirl;infact,sheworksharderthanhedoes.连字符（Hyphen）•用于某些前缀后和构成复合词。Job-hunting,X-ray,Hip-hop,•合成形容词afive-year-oldboy,aman-eatinganimal,awe-hate-homeworkclub•用于移行,一般按音节间断开单词加连字号（例如：ha-ppy,不可断为hap-py……）,或根据发音,不要把单个字母留在行尾或行首。注意一页中最后一个单词不能使用连字号将其置于两页。破折号（Dash）•用于话语突然中断、意思转折或犹豫不决。•用作解释。•用于被强调部分。•引出概括性词语或表示引文出处。•用于两地名或两时间之间，相当于连字号。“I’dliketo,”hesaid,“butI’m–”Money,fame,power–thesearehisgoalsinlife.Whatheneededmosthenevergot–love.London–NewYorkflight引号（QuotationMarks）•引用书面或口头的直接引语。•引用事物的名称。•引用俚语、反语、定义、词形等。•引用对话。•表示强调。•Bobsaid,“Let’smeetatmyhousenexttime.”Howdoyouspelltheword“souvenir”?“Didyouhaveagreattimelastnight?”省略号（Ellipsis）•表示词语或句子的有意省略。•表示断断续续、停顿、犹豫不决。•表示没有说完的话语。•用以分割词组，加强语气。“Tell…mother…I…died…for…mycountry.”“Idon’tknow…Idon’tknow.”Doitsoon…Doittoday…Doitnow.英语中的某些标点符号为汉语所没有。•⑴撇号--Apostrophe（‘）•⑵连字号--Hyphen（-）•⑶斜线号—VirguleorSlash（/）：该符号主要起分割作用。Itcouldbeforstaffand/orstudents.也常用于标音，如bed/bed/。请把下面这封信加上不同的标点，使其具有两种不同意义的内容：•DearJohn,Iwantamanwhoknowswhatloveisallaboutyouaregenerouskindandthoughtfulpeoplewhoarenotlikeyouadmittobeinguselessandi