高三英语非谓语动词解题

非谓语动词性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。主要形式：不定式todo动名词/现在分词doing过去分词done2.看“_____”上要填的非谓语动词与相关的名或代词（多是主语）的逻辑关系:非谓语动词解题一般思路1.分析句子成分，看“_____”上要填谓语还是非谓语根据语境判断非谓具体为主动或被动的哪一类实战练习题主动关系被动关系todo一般式进行式完成式doing一般式完成式donetodotobedoing————tohavedonedoinghavingdone————donetobedonetohavebeendonebeingdonehavingbeendone____nextisofgreatimportance.Theproblem____nowisofgreatimportance.____justnowisofgreatimportance.A.discussedB.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussed---LiMingissaid____abroad.Doyouknowwhatcountry---Yes,InLondon.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定主动或被动的具体形式根据上下文的谓语动词与非谓语动词发生的先后关系确定例例hestudiedin?hewillstudyin?hestudiesin?A______B___C___CAB过去分词不定式V.-ing形式非谓语动词巩固题不定式的作用不定式的时态不定式的否定形式不定式(todo)1.作状语2.作定语3.作表语4.作补语过去分词不定式I’veworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat__inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB该题考查疑问词+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain…作用:在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等11.作主语Tofinishthisreporttookhimaweek.2.作表语WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.3.作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?4.作状语Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.Revison不定式的时态2Iwouldlove_____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式该题考查动词不定式做宾语的用法。Wouldlove(like)to是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Wouldlove+todo，表示“想，希望”，而+tohavedone则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。常和不定式完成式连用的动词还有：Wouldlove,meant,hoped,planned,expected,promised,wish等例：Imeanttohavetelephonedyou,butIforgot.不定式不定式的否定形式3Thepatientwaswarned__oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteatC该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，①warnsb.nottodosth.②warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用①结构另外，not应放在to之前。在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补。如果上述结构变为被动语态,不定式就还原to。如:Hewasseen______upstairs.(go)有人看见他上楼去了。Becareful!注意:例：Hemadeafaceandmadeeverybodylaugh.他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。togo过去分词过去分词主要考查在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。1.作状语_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.ToloseC1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“陷入深思”有两种表达法，A.LoseoneselfinthoughtB.belostinthought过去分词2.作定语TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是被动关系且过去分词表示的动作已经完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.过去分词3.作表语Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget____bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,have和make)sth.done.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee___thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutCV.-ing形式Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAMakingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed.如果V-ing形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时havingdone表示。___theidiom,helookeditupinthedictionary.A.NotlearningB.NeverhavinglearnedC.HavingnotlearnedD.HavingneverlearnedB1.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound___inthekitchen.A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked2.Pricesofdailygoods___throughacomputer,canbelowerthanstoreprices.A.boughtB.areboughtC.beenboughtD.buying3.Withalotofdifficultproblems___,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone补充补充1巩固练习Withalotofdifficultproblems___,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingawonderfultime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettledregret,try,mean,forget,remember,＋todo/doing(区别)5.Generallyspeaking,___accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken6.When___,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted7.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto8.Witheverythingsheneeded____,shelefttheshop.A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought9.____aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearC.Nothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearing10.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded11.LittleJimshouldlove_____tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.tohavetakenD.takingwould/shouldlovetodo表示“想，希望”，would/shouldlovetohavedone则表示“本希望，而未实现”只接v-ing作宾语的常见动词有：mind,miss,enjoy,escape,excuse,practise,suggest,complete,consider,avoid,admit,appreciate,risk,finish,forgive,fancy,imagine,giveup,devote…to,feellike,can’thelp只接动名词的动词还有1.ReviewtheGrammar.2.FinishalloftheGrammarexercisesontheworkbook.HomeworkBeartheminyourmind!Thankyou!