2012如何做用所给词的适当形式填空

2012如何做用所给词的适当形式填空用所给词的适当形式填空是中考常见的试题类型之一，旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和综合运用英语的能力。解此类型的试题可遵循以下步骤：1.明确所给词的词性2.弄清所给句子的意思3.确定空白处所需的词性4.正确写出所填的词用所给词的适当形式填空主要考查以下词类：对名词的考查1.考查可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式1).可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(规则变化)①一般情况下直接在单数名词之后加-s变为复数名词。例如：desk→deskskey→keysmonkey→monkeysboy→boys等②以-x,-s,-ch,-sh,结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-es。例如：fox→foxesboss→bossesbus→busesclass→classesdress→dresseswitness→witnessesaddress→addressesbeach→beachescoach→coachescouch→couchesinch→inchessandwich→sanwicheschurch→churcheswatch→watchesmatch→matchesspeech→speecheswitch→witchesdish→dishesbrush→brushesfish→fishes(鱼的种类)toothbrush→toothbrushes等。③以o结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，在单数名词之后加-s的有：zoo→zoosradio→radiosphoto→photospiano→pianoskilo→kilosmango→mangos(es)bamboo→bambooskangaroo→kangaroos加-es有：tomato→tomatoespotato→potatoesdodo→dodoes/shero→heroes④以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变y为i，再加-es。例如：family→familieslady→ladiesbaby→bibiescopy→copiesbody→bodiescentury→centuriesdiary→diariesdictionary→dictionariesfactory→factorieslibrary→libariesbattery→batteriesbuddy→buddiesdocumentry→documentriesability→abilitiescountry→countriesbutterfly→butterfliesenemy→enemiesmemory→memoriesbalcony→balconieslaboratory→laboratroriesbeauty→beautiescharity→charitiescomedy→comediesquallity→quallitiesreply→repliesdifficulty→difficultiestheropy→theropiesmystery→mysterieshobby→hobbiesstory→stories,city→citieslaundry→laundriesactivity→activities等。⑤以f或fe结尾的单数名词变为复数名词时，先变f或fe为v，再加-es。例如：half→halvesknife→kniveswife→wivesleaf→leavesshelf→shelvesherself→themsevesscalf→scalfs/scalveswolf→wolvesloaf→loaves等。部分以f/fe结尾的单词，把f/fe变为ves，这里有一首打油诗可以帮你总结复合这条规律的单词：妻子骑狼拿起刀,wife--wives;wolf----wolves;knife----knives;追得小偷满街跑,thief---thieves;碰倒架子丧己命,shelf---shelves;self---selves(myself→ourselves,yourself→yourselves,himself/herself/itself→themselves);life----lives头巾树叶半空飘.scarf----scarves,leaf----leaveshalf----halves2).可数名词的单数形式转换成复数形式(不规则变化)foot→feettooth→teethchild→childrenman→menwoman→womenpoliceman→policemenpolicewoman→policewomenFrenchman→Frenchmensnowman→snowmenbusinessman→businessmenEnglishman→Englishmengentleman→gentlemensalesman→salesmenmouse→mice(作鼠标解mice/mouses)sheep→sheepChinese→ChineseJapanese→Japanesefish→fishgoldfish→goldfish等。注意：常见的不可数名词：(1).即使其前面有形容词修饰，也不可以用不定冠词a/an。如：advice(建议)age(年龄)angerbeauty【作美丽的人或物讲，可数】bravery(勇敢)change(零钱)courage(勇气)cultureevidenceenergyenvyexperience(经验)【作经历讲，可数】foodfunfurniturehair【作几根头发讲，可数】happiness(幸福)harmhealth(健康)homeworkhonour(荣誉)iceimportance(重要性)industryinformationkindnesslabourliteratureluckluggagemarriagemoneymusicnaturenewspaper(纸)【作试卷或报纸讲，可数】peacepermissionpowerproduceprogressresearchrubbishsafetysaltsandsilencestrengthsnow【作积雪讲，用复数】stationerysuccess(成功)【作成功的事或人讲，可数】time(时间)【作次数讲，可数】traffictransporttraveltruthunluckvaluewastewaterweatherwindwisdomwork(工作)【作著作讲，可数】(2).(其前有形容词修饰)，可以用不定冠词a/an：breakfastcomfortagoodeducationdangerdeathdinnerhelphonorhorrorjoyknowledgelunchrainsleeppleasurepridepityshamesuppersupportsurpriseshockwonder【作令人惊讶之物或奇迹讲，可数】worry【作令人担心的事或人讲，可数】等。(3).只有复数形式的名词：clothesglasses(眼镜)peopletrousersgoods(商品)wishes(祝愿)congratulations(祝贺)thanks(感谢)等。(4).只能用作可数名词的抽象名词。如：answer(答案)case(情况)event(事件)idea(想法)mistake(错误)situation(局势)等。如何做用所给词的适当形式填空：名词转成形容词名词转换成形容词有以下几种情况：(1).名词+y→形容词例如：rain→rainywind→windycloud→cloudysun→sunnysnow→snowyfog→foggymist→mistyhealth→healthyluck→luckyunluck→unluckynoise→noisyfun→funnythirst→thirstytaste→tastysleep→sleepysport→sporty等。(2).名词+ful→形容词例如：care→carefulthank→thankfulcheer→cheerfulhelp→helpfuluse→usefulwonder→wonderfulcolour→colourfulpain→painfulsuccess→successfulpower→powerfulpeace→peacefulwonder→wonderfulharm→harmfulmeaning→meaningfulthought→thoughtful等。(3).名词+n→形容词例如：America→AmericanRussia→RussianIndia→IndianAustralia→AustralianCanada→CanadianItaly→ItalianKorea→Korean等。(4).名词+ern→形容词例如：east→easternwest→westernnorth→northernsouth→southern等。(5).名词+ous→形容词例如：danger→dangerousfame→famoushuour→humorouspoison→poisonous等。(6).名词+al→形容词例如：physics→physicalmedicine→medicalmusic→musicalnature→naturalnation→nationalidea→idealculture→culturaleducation→educationalinternation→international等。(7).名词+less→形容词例如：use→uselesshope→hopelesshelp→helpless,home→homelessharm→harmlessend→endlessmeaning→meaningless等。(8).名词+ly→形容词例如：friend→friendlyweek→weeklyday→dailymonth→monthly等。注意：energy→energeticpatience→patientimportance→importantconfidence→confidentwool→woolenwood---woodendifference→differentdifficulty→difficultpride→proudperson→personalsafety→safefashion→fashionablesleep→asleepavalue→avaluableexperience→experiencedactivity→active等。如何做用所给词的适当形式填空：名词变为副词success→successfullycare→carefullycare→carelesslyhealth→healthilynoise→noisilyluck→luckilyunluck→unlukilywonder→wonderfully等。【中考实例】考例：[2005年广州市]Hedidtheworkvery_____(care).Everybodysaidhehaddoneagoodjob.【分析】：所给的词care在此处应理解为名词，根据句意可知，所填的词在句中和very一起构成副词短语作状语，修饰did，应用副词，care的副词为carefully,即应填carefully。如何做用所给词的适当形式填空：名词所有格英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它的构成有两种形式：-'s所有格和of所有格。1).-'s所有格的构成方法(1).表示有生命的名词的单数形式及不以s结尾的复数形式之后加-'s：例如：today'spaper今天的报纸children'sbooks儿童图书注：①.以s结尾的单数名词之后加-'s：例如：theboss'splan老板的计划thehostess'sworry女主人的担心②以-s结