语法定语从句讲解

语法专讲----定语从句定语的定义：定语是用来说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词或词组。A.可用作定语的有形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、从句和句子等。a)形容词adj.及b)副词Adv.Thisgirlisanaturalmusician.I’llrecommendaninterestingfilmtoyou.b)副词Adv.theroomabovethefactorytheretheworldtodaythewayoutthepeopleherec)名词noun.ababygirlawomandoctorsportscarwomendoctorswellwaterafool’sparadisetheworksofShakespeare1）horrorfilms/horriblefilms2）awonderbook/awonderfulbook3）stonepath/astonypathd)代词Pronoun.及e)数词Num.Yourhairneedscutting.Heisafriendofmine.Everybody’sbusinessisnobody’sbusiness.There’sonlyonewaytodoit.Doitnow.Youmaynotgetasecondchance.LessonOneRoom205f)不定式Ihaveanimportantmeetingtoattend.That’sthewaytodoit.Hehasawishtotravelaroundtheworld.IampleasedtohavethischancetotalktoyouabouttheUN.*It’stimeforustogo.g)动名词walkingstick手杖sleepingpills安眠药drinkingwater饮用水learningmethod学习方法h)分词awalkingdictionary活字典asleepingchild正在睡梦的小孩adrinkingman嗜酒者aretiredworker退休工人areturnedstudent一个归国留学生afadedflower一朵凋谢的花朵Theboyridingawhitehorseismybrother.Myvisitswillencouragepeopleworkingontheprojects.theurgentproblemscausedbywarsandconflictsi)介词短语Healwayshasaclearinsightintowhatisneeded.他总是能够洞察需要什么.theresearchintothespreadofAIDS定语从句语法意义：在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构组成的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子就叫作定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词。其有三：1）放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用；2）在定语从句中还担任了一定的成分；3）重现（代替）先行词的意义，所以其数与先行词一致。普通代词与关系代词的差别及区分普通代词只起着代替作用，代替前面提到的某人或某物；而关系代词则不同。试区分以下句子中的关系代词与普通代词：1)Ihaveagoodfriend.SheworksinGuangzhou.Ihaveagoodfriendwho/thatworksinGuangzhou.2)Thebuildingisoursciencelab._It_standsoverthere.Thebuildingthat/whichstandsoverthereisoursciencelab.关系代词whowhomthatwhichWhose/ofwhich人人人、物物人、物主语宾语宾语主语宾语主语宾语定语关系副词When(in/onwhich)时间状语Where(inwhich)地点状语Why(forwhich)原因状语C.先行词与关系代词的种类：先行词指人时主格who,that宾格whom,who,that所有格whose先行词指物时（除了人以外）主格which,that宾格which,that所有格whose,ofwhichWhere,when,why**so…as,as…as,such…as,thesame…as练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.Theman______istalkingwithmymotherismyfather.2.Theman_____________mymotheristalkingwithismyfather.3.Theman_____hairiswhiteismyfather.4.whoistheman______isstandingthere?5.Thatbookistheone________Iboughtyesterday.6.Thatbookistheone______wasboughtyesterday.7.Thatbookistheone______coverisblue.who/thatWhom/who/that/---whosethatwhich/that/----which/thatwhose8.Thepen_______sheiswritingishis.9.Thepen___________sheiswritingwithishis.10.____isknowntoall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.11.PaperwasfirstmadeinChina,____isknowntoall.12.Hestillrememberstheday___________hemetthegreatmaninthestreet.13.Hestillrememberstheday________hespentwithhiswifeatBeijingRailwayStation.14.Heisnotsuchafool_____helooks.withwhichWhich/that/-----Asas/whichOnwhich/whenwhich/that/---as定语从句的辨认与使用之步骤：1．首先是要辨出先行词；2．确定关系代词（既先行词）在从句中所担任的成分：3．确定关系代词的人称和数。实际上，选择引导定语从句引导词是学习定语从句的难点。我们可以使用以下口诀来化难为易：三看句中作何用，四看是否属特殊。一看指人还是物，二看介词在何处；关系代词必须用that的情况：1．先行词为不定代词something,anything,everything,little,much,all等；2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时；3．先行词被theonly,thevery,all等所修饰；4．先行词既包括人又包括物时。D.定语从句分类*：分为限定性和非限定性定语从句：1.Thisistheprofessorwhoteachesusgrammars.2.LiMing,whoisintheroom,wantstoaskyousomequestions.限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别：限定性定语从句1．和先行词关系密切；（删除了就会影响整个意义的表达）2．不用逗号分开；3．可用关系代词作引导词；4．关系代词作宾语时可以省略；5．关系代词可以替代（作宾语时，可用或替代）6．读的时候不停顿；7．只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分非限定性定语从句1．与先行词关系不密切，是一种补充说明（删除掉后不影响）2．一般使用逗号分开；3.不可用关系代词that;4．关系代词不可省略5．关系代词不能替代；6．读时停顿，用降调；7．可以修饰整个句子或主句中的一部分（此时定要用逗号分开，只能用which或as引导）有时两者差别很大：eg:1)a)IntheirclasstherearefifteenstudentswhocanspeakEnglishwell.在他们班上有15位英语说的好的学生。b)Intheirclasstherearefifteenstudents,whocanspeakEnglishwell.在他们班上有15位学生，他们的英语都说得很好。2)a)ShehastwosonswhoareP.L.A.men.(MaybeshehasothersonswhoarenotP.L.A.men.)她有两个当解放军的儿子。b)Shehastwosons,whoareP.L.A.men.(shehasonlytwosonsandtheyarebothP.L.A.men.)她有两个儿子，都是当解放军的。精选练习：1.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_________wehadn’texpected.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.that2.RecentlyIboughtanancientChineseVase,___________ofthepricewasveryreasonable.A.whichB.whereC.whoseD.that3.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyoherroleintheplay,_________,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what4.Wearelivinginanage___________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whenCCDACB5.Tonyistheonlyoneofthestudentswho__________toEurope.A.havegoneB.havebeenC.hasbeenD.hadgone6.Beijing,__________isthecapitalofChina,isamoderncity.A.thatB.itC.whichD./7.------Isthistheveryartgallery__________theyvisitedlastweek?------Yes.Itimpressedthemdeeply.A.theoneB.whereC.whichD.that8.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom9.Ihavethesameglasses______Kateiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.themBCDBA10.Wewillneverforgetthedays______wespenttogether11.Ihavethesameglasses______Kateiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.them12.Thisisthemuseum_______wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.A.thatB.whichC.thatD.inthat13.Isthismuseum___________thestudentsvisitedthatday?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.inthatontheisland.14.Thewallet__________Ispent50yuanhasbeenstolen.A.inwhichB.onwhichC.foritD.whichA14.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,__________Ilefttenyearsago?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when15.Thereare1,200studentsintheirschoo