语法部分：过去分词做补语复习课件

PastParticiplesusedasobjectcomplement（过去分词做宾语补足语）Unit2Grammar课本例句1).NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincludedaswell.2).Finally…bygettingIrelandconnectedinthesamepeacefulway.3).Youfindmostofthepopulationsettledinthesouth,…1.repair2.injure3.cut4.watch5.paint6.break7.damage8.steal9.beat10.bite11.rob12.knock13.findrepairedinjuredcutwatchedpaintedbrokedamagedstolebeatbitrobbedknockedfoundrepairedinjuredcutwatchedpaintedbrokendamagedstolenbeatenbittenrobbedknockedfound作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语之间的关系1.及物动词（短语）的过去分词用作宾语补足语时，宾语即是过去分词的逻辑宾语，宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：Iwanttheletterposted.我想把这封信寄出去。2.少数不及物动词如go,change,fall等的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作完成。因此，宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：Shefoundhernecklacegoneonherwayhome.在回家的路上，她发现项链不见了。重点：3.动词seat,hide,dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语一般表示状语（状态）而不表示被动的意义，因此，虽然宾语与它们存在逻辑上的主动关系，但也只能用它们的过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：WhenIcamein,Ifoundastrangegirlseatedinthecorner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。1.使役动词get,have,make,keep，leave等后，可用过去分词做宾语补足语，表：“致使某人或某事被…”V+sb/sth+p.p.Eg.Weshouldkeeptheminformedofwhatisgoingonhere.我们应该让他们知道这里发生了什么。Eg.Janegotherbadtoothpulledoutatthedentist’s.简在诊所拔掉了坏牙。需用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况Ihadmyrecorderrepaired.(Iaskedsomebodyelsetorepairit.)Ihadtheroomcleaned.(Iorganizedit.)Hehadhisfootinjured.(somethingbadhappened.)Hegothisleginjured.Hegothisglassesbroken.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothiswalletstolen.2.感官动词feel,find,hear,notice,see,watch等表示感觉和心理状态的动词之后，表：“感受到某人或某事被做”。V+sb/sth+p.p.Eg.IwassleepingwhenIheardmynamecalled.我睡觉的时候我听到有人叫我的名字。Eg.Hewasdisappointedtofindhissuggestionsturneddown.他失望地发现自己的建议被拒绝。Isawhim____________________beatbeatenbyhismother.Isaw_______________________biteaboybittenbyadog.Isaw______________________knockdownhimknockeddownbyacar.Isaw__________________robhimrobbedbyaman.Isawhim__________________takentothehospital.Isawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.Isawhimknockeddownbyacar.Isawhimtakentothehospital.Fillintheblanks.Iheardsomeone_________me.Iheardmyname________.IfoundTom_______thewindow.Ifoundthewindow_______callingcalledbreakbroken.Ihadmywatchrepaired.Ihadmyroomcleaned.Ihadmyfootinjured.Shefoundhishaircut.Shefoundhisclotheswashed.Shefoundhisroomcleaned.havesth./sb.donefindsth./sbdoneHegothisleginjured.Hegothiscameradamaged.Hegothisglassesbroken.getsth./sbdoneIsawhimbeatenbyhismother.Isawhimbittenbyadog.Isawhimrobbedbyaman.seesth./sb.doneImadehimpunished.makesth./sb.doneIwatchedhimkilled.watchsth./sbdone3.表示“意欲；命令”的动词如：like,order,want,wish,相当于过去分词短语前省略了tobe，表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”V+sb/sth+tobe+p.p.Eg.Iwishtheseletters(tobe)typedassoonaspossible.我希望这封信（被）尽快打印出来。Eg.Hedidn’twantsuchquestiondiscussedatthemeeting.他不想这样的问题在会上讨论。4.有时过去分词作宾补可以变为被动语态，这时过去分词改作主语补足语，说明主语所处的状态Eg.Thedoorwasfoundbroken.发现门被打破了。Eg.Herbagwasfoundstolenwhenshewokeup.她醒时，发现包被偷了。5.“with＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：Eg.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（表方式）Eg.Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）Eg.Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）注意：①在这一结构中，当宾语为某一身体部位，且作宾补的动词是及物动词时，身体部位通常是过去分词的逻辑宾语，因而过去分词不可换用现在分词。Eg.Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视（fixone‘seyeson为固定短语，因此，不可将句中fixed换为fixing）eg.Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿。②当用某些不及物动词的分词形式作身体部位的宾补时，用现在分词的形式。Eg.Shefeltherheartbeatingfast.她觉得心跳很快。（beat意为“心跳”，是不及物动词）过去分词与不定式,现在分词作宾补的区别:三者与宾语逻辑上都是主谓关系，但过去分词强调他们之间的被动关系，不定式强调动作发生的全过程，现在分词强调他们之间的主动关系，正在进行。Isawhercomeintotheclassroom.Isawhercomingintotheclassroom.Isawhertakenoutoftheclassroom.省略to的情况：1）情态动词(除ought外，oughtto)2）使役动词let,have,make3）感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.Exercise:1.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee____thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout2.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired3.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled4.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted5.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.A.takeB.tobetakenC.takenD.taking6.Theresultoftheentranceexamswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown7.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodC.tounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood8.Hefoundthem____atatable_____A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess9.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left,unlockedD.toleave;unlocking10.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled11.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown