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时态中考语法专项复习Tenses(时态)1、ThePresentSimpleTense(一般现在时)2、ThePastSimpleTense(一般过去时)3、TheFutureTense(一般将来时)5、ThePresentContinuousTense(现在进行时)6、ThePastContinuousTense(过去进行时)7、ThePresentPerfectTense(现在完成时)8、ThePastPerfectTense(过去完成时)4、TheFutureinthePast(过去将来时)八种时态的用法和构成ThePresentSimpleTense(一般现在时)用法:1、现阶段经常性、习惯性动作;2、目前的状态;3、客观真理。构成:主语是第三人称单数时,作谓语的行为动词要加词尾-s(-es),其他人称和数用动词原形。常用时间状语:often,always,sometimes,everyday,onSunday…例句:Jackoftengoestoschoolbybike.Guangzhouis2313kilometresawayfromBeijing.Wehavefivelessonsinthemorning.1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclotheseveryday.2.Sometimeshe________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Howoften____Sally______(sing)?washplaysdoessingThePastSimpleTense(一般过去时)用法:1、过去发生的动作;2、过去存在的状态。构成:用动词的过去式。常用时间状语:yesterday,twodaysago,lastweek,in1990…例句:Hewenttoworkbybusyesterday.HanMeimeiwasintheclassroomamomentago.动词-ed形式的构成:在动词后加-ed以字母e结尾的动词,只+d“辅音字母+y”,变y为i,再+ed重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的,双写+edwantanswermovediecarrycrystopplanwantedmoveddiedcarriedcriedstoppedplannedansweredgotdranktookwentswamatecutwerehaddidcamesaidsawputgettakegoswimeatdrinkarehavedocomecutputsaysee1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesyesterday.2.Thedaybeforeyesterdayhe________(play)basketballoverthere.3._____Sally______(sing)twohoursago?washedplayedDidsingTheFutureTense(一般将来时)用法:1、将来发生的动作;2、将来存在的状态。构成:1、助动词will(shall)+动词原形;2、am(is,are)+goingto常用时间状语:tomorrow,nextweek,intwohours…例句:Theywill(aregoingto)meetoutsidetheschoolgatetomorrowafternoon.Thepeoplewillnotbepleasedifyoujumpthequeue.备注:一般现在时代替将来时。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用FutureSimple表示将要发生的动作结构:willdo、shalldo、be(is、am、are)goingtodo标志语:tomorrow、in..、next…TheFutureinthePast(过去将来时)用法:从过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态构成:1、助动词would+动词原形;2、was,were+goingto常用时间状语:(the)nextday,(the)nextyear,thatafternoon…例句:Lindasaidthatshewould(wasgoingto)visitherunclenextSaturday.Hewantedtoknowiftheywouldgotothemountainvillagethatafternoon.备注:常用于宾语从句中时间现在过去那时所预见的情况一般过去将来时一、基本概念:过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。它是一个相对的时态,即立足于过去某时,从过去的某一时间看即将发生的事情就要用这一时态。1)Hesaidhismotherwouldbuyabikeforhim2)Mybrothertoldmehewouldn’tbelieveJackanymore.3)Woulditbeallrightifheknewhisillness?二、基本形式:would/should+动词原形(其中would用于各种人称,should常用于第一人称)。例如:Theyweresuretheywouldwinthefinalvictory.他们坚信会赢得最后胜利。Hedidn'texpectthatweshould(would)allbethere.他没想到我们都在那里。上述两个例句中的宾语从句谓语wouldwin和should(would)be分别与其主句谓语weresure和didn'texpect相对应。三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式:1.was/were+goingto+动词原形Hesaidhewasgoingtotry.他说他准备试试。2.was/were+to+动词原形TheysaidtherailwaywastobeopenedtotrafficonMayDay.他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。3.was/wereabout+动词原形Wewereabouttogooutwhenitbegantorain.我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。4.过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如go,come,leave,start,open,begin等)也可用于表示将来。Ididn'tknowwhentheywerecomingagain.我不知道他们什么时候再来。四、用法注意点:1.在时间和条件状语从句中,常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如:Hesaidhewouldcometoseeyouwhenhehadtime.他说他有时间就来看望你。2.“would+动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。此时,不管什么人称,都可用would。Whenhewasachildhewouldgetupearly.他年幼时,总是很早起床。考例精练:1.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe____officesoon.(MET93)A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft2.—Alice,whydidn'tyoucomeyesterday?—I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.(NMET97)A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did1.Theoldman_____twodaysafterhehadbeensenttohospital.A.diedB.woulddieC.haddiedD.hasdied2.OldMcDonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon______tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned3.I_____myson_____adoctor,buthewasn’tgoodenoughatscience.A.hoped;wouldbecomeB.hadhoped;wouldbecomeC.hadhoped;willbecomeD.hope;willbecome4.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.A.hopeB.havehopedC.hadhopedD.hoped5.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comesB.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcomeThePresentContinuousTense(现在进行时)用法:说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。构成:am(is,are)+动词的现在分词常用时间状语:now例句:Kate’sparentsareworkinginCanadanow.Look,thechildisplayinginthestreet.备注:将要发生的动作。come,go等动词的现在进行时形式可表示一般在动词原形后+ing以不发音的e结尾的,去e,+ing重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的,双写这一字母+ing动词-ing形式的构成:writingtakinggettingrunningswimminggoinggoaskwritetakegetrunswimasking1.Thetwins___________(wash)theclothesnow.2.Look!He________(play)basketballoverthere.3.Listen!______Sally_______(sing)?arewashingisplayingIssingingThePastContinuousTense(过去进行时)用法:过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作。构成:was(were)+动词的现在分词常用时间状语:atfouryesterdayafternoon,atthistimeyesterday,表示过去时间的状语从句…例句:Hewasmendinghisbikeatteno’clockyesterday.Thetwinsweresweepingthefloorwhentheteachercamein.PastProgressive表示过去正在发生的动作结构:be(was,were)+doing标志语:at8:00yesterday、when、while、…1.现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词注:has用于第三人称单数,have用于其他所有人称。2.现在完成时的用法:(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just,already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如:①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustlostmysciencebook.有时没有时间状语;多是一般疑问句。ThePresentPerfectTense(现在完成时)(2)现在完成时表示过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状语连用。如:for和since,以及sofar,now,today,thisweek(month,year)等。①Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.②ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years.③Theyhavelivedheresince1990.④WhathashappenedtotheUSAinthelast350years?注意:表示短暂时
本文标题:2010年中考英语语法复习―时态
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