中西文化之鉴-第二单元

Chapter2BecomingAwareBecomingawareofthedifferencesbetweenusWhatisculture?Simplyput,cultureisasystemofmeaning.Thatistooabstractadefinitiontoreallyunderstand.Whatreallybindsmentogetheristheirculture---theideasandthestandardstheyhaveincommon.—R.BenedictTheNatureofCulture:Cultureislike...S____G_____I_____W____art、literature、、music、dance。language、game、cooking、clothes谦虚的概念、审美观、教育子女的理念、对后代的规范、宇宙观、与动物的关系、上下级的关系模式、如何定义罪孽、求爱的方式、公平的概念、工作的动机、领导的概念、工作的速度、集体决策的模式、洁净的概念、对于独立的态度、疾病的理论、解决问题的方法、对于地位稳定性的理解、眼神交流、与年龄、性别、阶层、职业、亲情等有关的角色认识、对于不安全的定义、友谊的本质、对于“自我”的定义、视觉感知模式、肢体语言、面部表情、对于逻辑和效度的理解、处理情感的方式、不同社会情景下交谈模式、对于过去和未来的看待方式、对于时间的安排、对于竞争或合作的喜好、社交比率、青春期的概念、对于空间的利用等。Wedefinecultureas“thedepositofknowledge,experience,beliefs,values,actions,attitudes,hierarchies,religions,notionsoftime,roles,spatialrelations,conceptsoftheuniverse,andartifactsacquiredbyagroupofpeopleinthecourseofgenerationsthroughindividualandgroupstriving.”LearningaboutcultureandlearningtodocultureSharedviewpervasiveintegrateddynamiclearnedCULTUREIS…TheCharacteristicsofCultureLiketheairwebreathe,culturepenetratesintoeveryaspectofourlifeandinfluencesthewaywethink,thewaywetalk,andthewaywebehave.Wesometimesbreakdownandisolatevariouspartsofcultureandtalkaboutthemasiftheyareseparateparts.However,inreality,culturefunctionsasanintegratedwholeanditissystemic.Historyaboundswithexamplesofhowcultureshavechangedbecauseoflaws,naturaldisasters,wars,orothercalamities.CONCLUSION:CULTUREISAMAN’SSECONDNATUREAWAYOFOVERCOMINGVULNERABILITYACQUIREDTHROUGHSOCIALIZATIONTHUS,MANISTHEPRODUCEROFCULTUREANDTHEPRODUCTOFCULTURESusan:MrsZhang,cometoNewYorkifyoulike.Husband:_________________________________Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:__________________________________Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husband:_____________________________________Mother:自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:___________________________________Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husband:____________________________________--Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！Susan:MrsZhang,cometoNewYorkifyoulike.Husband:妈妈，您可一定要来纽约看看.Mother:不去了，给你们添麻烦。Husband:Oh,itdependsonthephysicalcondition.Susan:Yes,ohthanksforyourdeliciousfood,Ilikethemverymuch.Husband:谢谢妈妈给我们做那么多好吃的Mother:自家人谢什么，苏珊，你以后可不要再瘦身了，身体健康才最重要哪！Husband:It’smypleasure.Susan,IHopeyoubecomeevenmorebeautiful.Susan:Thankyou!Thesametoyou.Husband:谢谢妈妈,我祝您身体健康Mother:啊，谢谢，谢谢！ThreeDistinctDimensionsofOne’sIdentityCULTURALIDENTITYCulturalidentityreferstoone’ssenseofbelongingtoaparticularcultureorethnicgroup.Peopleconsciouslyidentifythemselveswithagroupthathasasharedsystemofsymbolsandmeaningsaswellasnormsforconduct.CulturalIdentityTheFunctionsofCulturalIdentity•Asenseofacommonpast•Asenseofashareddestiny•Asenseofbelonging•Asenseoftheirownuniquenessaspeople•AsenseofpsychologicalsecurityDOMINANTCULTUREANDSUBCULTURE/CO-CULTURECultureissubdividedintodominantculture,mainstreamculture,andsubculture(s),whichcoexistwithineachculture.Todaythetendencyistosay‘co-culture’andsub-groupstoavoidprejudice.peculiarexpressionsorbehaviorsofteachers,lawyers,doctors,policemenandsportsmen.Aretheysubculturesorsubgroups?