高中英语定语从句精华版教学案

定语从句导入：e.g.Sheisabeautifulgirl.Sheisabeautifulgirlwhodrivesmecrazy.（一）定语从句定义1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，2.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3.用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词that,which,who,whose,关系副词：when,where,why4.定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连缺少它，则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散，用逗号隔开。1.ThemanwhogavemethisbookisTom.(限定性)2.Tom,whoisreadingabook,ismyclassmate(非限定性)（三）关系代词1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语，口语中可做宾语；that也可指人，但多用who.e.g.ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.ThestudentswhospeaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanwho(that)youwanttoseeishere.2.Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用whom,不能用who.关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g.Theman(whom)youlookforhasleft.Iknowthegirl(whom)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3.whose,作定语，可指人或物e.g.Everyoneheplpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhosehomeworkwasn’thandedin.针对练习2011全国卷I)Theprizewillgotothewriter________storyshowsthemostimagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2011四川卷）Theschoolshop,________customersaremainlystudents,isclosedfewtheholidays.A.whichB.whoseC.whenD.where3.〖10山东〗That’sthenewmachine______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.What4.〖10陕西〗Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose5.〖10北京〗Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.that6.〖10重庆〗Inchina,thenumberofcitiesisincreasing________developmentisrecognizedacrosstheworld.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.that7.〖09天津〗Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever8.〖09安徽〗Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage．A．theirB．whoseC．ofthemD．withwhom9.〖09湖南〗IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynamewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.whichB.ofwhichC.thatD.whose4.that指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）e.g.Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.5.which,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g.Thisisaplantwhichgrowsinthenorth.常用that不用which的情况只能that用做关系代词的情况（共9种类型）。1.当先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,little,none,one等不定代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。PayattentiontoeverythingthatIdo.2.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用which.Thisisthebestnovel(that)haveread.3.如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that.Theyweretalkingaboutthepersonandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.4.当先行词被theonly,thelast,theway,thesame等等修饰时。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.5.在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中,为了避免重复只用that。Whichofthestudentsthatknowssomethingabouthistory.6.当先行词被All,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时，只用that。Hehaslittletimethathecanspare.7.当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I’vegotonethatyoumightbeinterestedin.（3）用which，不用that的情况①引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.Football,whichisaninterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,which,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。②直接放在介词后作宾语时。Languageisthemostimportanttoolwithoutwhichpeoplecan'tcommunicatewitheachother.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。2011上海卷)You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as2011山东卷）Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that2011福建卷）Shehasagiftforcreatinganatmosphereforherstudents____allowsthemtocommunicatefreelywitheachother.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who4.〖10湖南〗I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which5.〖10全国Ⅱ〗Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething________wassomeoneelse’sfault.A.whoB.thatC.asD.what（四）关系副词1.when指时间（1）在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词（year,day,time,week等）,但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用that，which，不能用whene.g.Hestillrememberthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.做主语I’llneverforgetthetimewhen(duringwhich)weworkedonthefarm.作状语Istillrememberthedaythat/whichishisbirthay.做主语Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.做宾语Herememberesthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories.(2)Itisthefirsttimethat…句型中，that是习惯用法，不用when。e.g.ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall.2.where指地点（1）指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g.IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.(2)指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where，须用that/which.e.g.Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.e.g.Thisistheshool｛inwhich/wherewestudyeveryyear.Thisistheshoolthat/whichwevisitedyesterday.注：有时when,where相当于“介词+at/in+which”.e.g.He