1.5MW风机载荷计算实例

LoadcalculationsforaGeneric1.5MWwindturbinetoIECIIAconditionsDocumentNo1040/BR/01IssueAClassificationCommercialinConfidenceDate9thJanuary2004Author:RIRawlinson-SmithCheckedby:DVWitcherApprovedby:DCQuartonDISCLAIMERAcceptanceofthisdocumentbytheclientisonthebasisthatGarradHassanandPartnersLimitedarenotinanywaytobeheldresponsiblefortheapplicationorusemadeofthefindingsoftheresultsfromtheanalysisandthatsuchresponsibilityremainswiththeclient.KeyToDocumentClassificationStrictlyConfidential:RecipientsonlyPrivateandConfidential:Fordisclosuretoindividualsdirectlyconcernedwithintherecipient’sorganisationCommercialinConfidence:Nottobedisclosedoutsidetherecipient’sorganisationGHPonly:NottobedisclosedtononGHPstaffClient’sDiscretion:DistributionatthediscretionoftheclientsubjecttocontractualagreementPublished:Availabletothegeneralpublic©2004GarradHassanandPartnersLimitedGarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEAiCONTENTS1INTRODUCTION2TECHNICALDESCRIPTIONOFTHEGENERIC1.5MWWINDTURBINE2.1GeneralInformation3GENERALANALYSISISSUES3.1Co-ordinateSystems3.2LoadPoints3.3AnalyticalBasis3.4Bladedmodel4LOADCASES4.1Generalnotesonwindconditionsforextremeloadcalculations4.2Generalnotesonwindconditionsforfatigueloadcalculations4.3Loadcases4.4Over-riddencases4.5Safetyfactorstrategy5EXTREMELOADS5.1Presentationoftheextremeloaddata5.2IECIIAallextremeloadcasesincluded6FATIGUELOADS6.1SafetyFactors6.2IntegrationofFatigueResults6.3DamageEquivalentLoadsatBlades,TowerandMainBearing6.4RainflowCycleExceedancePlotsREFERENCESAPPPENDA:TECHNICALDESCRIPTIONOFGENERICTURBINEGarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA21INTRODUCTIONTheloadingcalculationstoIECclassIIA[1]conditionspresentedinthisdocumentareapplicabletoageneric1.5MWwindturbinemountedonatubulartowerwithahubheightof84m.GarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA32TECHNICALDESCRIPTIONOFTHEGENERIC1.5MWWINDTURBINE2.1GeneralInformationThemachineisratedat1.5MW.The3bladedupwindrotoris70mindiameterand,forthepurposesoftheseloadcalculations,mountedonan82mmetrehightubularsteeltower.Powercontrolisactiveusingfullspanpitchcontrol.Eachbladehasanindependentpitchdrivesystem.AmorecompletedescriptionoftheturbineispresentedinAppendixA.GarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA43GENERALANALYSISISSUES3.1Co-ordinateSystemsTheco-ordinatesystemisdefinedinthebasicsystem:GLregulations[2]systemanditisalsoshowninthefiguresbelow.Figure3.1Co-ordinatesystemforbladeloadsanddeflectionsFigure3.2Co-ordinatesystemforhubloadsZBRadiallyalongbladeaxis.XBPerpendiculartoZB,andpointingtowardsthetowerforanupwindturbine,orawayfromthetowerforadownwindturbine(thepictureshowsanupwindturbine).YBPerpendiculartobladeaxisandshaftaxis,togivearight-handedco-ordinatesystemindependentofdirectionofrotationandrotorlocationupwindordownwindofthetower.OriginAteachbladestation.Hubloadsinfixedframeofreference:XNAlongshaftaxis,andpointingtowardsthetowerforanupwindturbine,orawayfromthetowerforadownwindturbine(thepictureshowsanupwindturbine).ZNPerpendiculartoXN,suchthatZNwouldbeverticallyupwardsifthetiltanglewerezero.YNHorizontal,togivearight-handedco-ordinatesystemindependentofdirectionofrotationandrotorlocationupwindordownwindofthetower.Hubloadsinrotatingframeofreference:XNAlongshaftaxis,andpointingtowardsthetowerforanupwindturbine,orawayfromthetowerforadownwindturbine(thepictureshowsanupwindturbine).ZNPerpendiculartoXN,suchthatZNwouldbealignedwithblade1axisiftheconeanglewerezero.YNPerpendiculartoXNandZN,togivearight-handedco-ordinatesystemindependentofdirectionofrotationandrotorlocationupwindordownwindofthetower.OriginAthubcentre(intersectionofbladeandshaftaxes).GarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA5Figure3.3Co-ordinatesystemfortowerloadsanddeflections3.2LoadPoints3.2.1LoadsfordesignapprovalLoadsarereportedat:•thebladeroot•therotorcentre•theyawbearing(nacellecoordinates)•thetowertop•thetowerbaseXTPointingSouth.ZTVerticallyupwards.YTPointingEast.OriginAteachtowerstation.GarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA63.3AnalyticalBasisThemethodsaredescribedindetailin[3].Abriefoverviewisgivenbelow.WindshearStandardpowerlawmodelTurbulenceAnisotropicvonKarmanmodel,[3]WakemodellingDynamicwakeforallcaseswiththeexceptionofthoseperformedwithsteadywindStallmodellingStallhysteresisontheoutboard80%ofthebladeBladedforWindowsinterfaceversion3.51DTBLADEDversion2.63Loadcontributions,GeneralAerodynamicSelfweightRotationalinertialModalinertial3.4BladedmodelTheBladedprojectfileusedinthesecalculationswasdevelopedbyGarradHassan.GarradHassanandPartnersLtdDocument:1040/BR/01ISSUEA74LOADCASES4.1GeneralnotesonwindconditionsforextremeloadcalculationsThewindconditionsforextremeloadcalculationsarepresentedinTable4.1.4.2GeneralnotesonwindconditionsforfatigueloadcalculationsTheturbulentvariationinwindspeedhasbeenmodelledusingathreecomponentvonKarmananisotropicmodelwithacharacteristicturbulenceintensityof18%at15m/s.4.3LoadcasesThecasesaretabulatedinTable4.2.Thetablegivesthecasename,theinitialturbinestate,theinitialconditions(windspeed,yaw