2010-11 名词性从句

ByYYMyfriend,Tom,isasculptorandhehashisownworkshop.主语同位语表语宾语主语从句同位语从句表语从句宾语从句1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.6.ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting.7.WhatIamworriedaboutiswhetheryoucanfindmyflat.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句主语从句That/wh-clause+v+…,Itbe+…+that/wh-clause表语从句S+linkv.+that/wh-clause宾语从句S+Vt+that/wh-clause,S+Vi+that/wh-clause同位语从句N+that/wh-clause引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that,whether,if,asif(只起连接作用，不充当成分）连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whichever,who(m)ever,whosever(有词义，不仅起连接作用，而且充当成分）连接副词：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however(有词义，充当状语成分）依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that，表“是否”用whether。Iknow________heistalkingabout.（缺宾语指物）I’msure________hewillcometomorrow.（什么都不缺）________hewillgoisunknown.（缺地点状语）Idon’tknow________bookIshouldchoose.（缺定语）________youwinthisgameornotdoesn’tmatteratall.（什么都不缺，但是表“是否”）whatthatWherewhichWhether语序问题：在名词性从句中一律用陈述句语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.Maryneverlearned____________(他是谁)and____________(他做了什么).Thequestionis_____________________(我们什么时候出发).Ihavenoidea____________________________.(他怎么了)陈述句的语序whohewaswhathedidwhenwewillsetoffwhatwasthematterwithhim主语从句1.________________________(他是个有名的歌手)isknowntous.=Itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger.2.________________________(他何时去美国)isnotyetfixed.=ItisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoAmerica.主语从句通常可用it作形式主语，而将从句置于句末。ThatheisafamoussingerWhenhewillgotoAmerica连接词that不可省！用it作形式主语的常用句型(通常由that引导)：a.It+be+形容词+that-从句Itisnecessary/important/obvious/natural/strange…that…翻译：很可能明天会有一场暴风雪。Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.b.It+be+名词+that-从句Itisapity/ashame/nowonder…that…翻译：你昨天没参加讲座真是遗憾。Itisapitythatyoudidn’tattendthelectureyesterday.用it作形式主语的常用句型(通常由that引导)：c.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句Itissaid/reported/believed/thought/considered/knowntoall/hopedthat…Itissuggested/proposed/ordered/requiredthat…(should)do…翻译：据宣布人质(hostage)已经被释放。Itisannouncedthatthehostageshavebeensetfree/released.翻译：政府坚决要求工厂立刻采取措施防止污染。Thegovernmentinsistedthatthefacture(should)takemeasuresimmediatelytopreventthepollution.takeimmediateactiontodo…用it作形式主语的常用句型(通常由that引导)：d.It+vi.+that-分句Itseems/appearsthat…It(so)happensthat…Itoccurredtosb.that…Itdoesn’tmatterwhether…翻译：在我看来，你好像反对这个计划。Itseemstomethatyouobjecttotheplan.翻译：他昨天打电话来时，我碰巧不在家。ItsohappenedthatIhadbeenawaywhenhecalledyesterday.似乎……/好像……碰巧……某人突然想起……是否……不重要。1._____madetheschoolproudwasthatmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.Who2.Theforeignministersaid,“_____ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.thisisB.thereisC.thatisD.itisDBwhat在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，不可省；that不充当成分，也不可省。根据意思选择引导主从的wh-疑问词。宾语从句1.动宾：(Vt或动词短语：findout,pointout,figureout,keep/bearinmind,etc)MostBritishpeoplenowadays____________________________________________(认为去酒吧是他们最好的传统之一。)Canyou__________(理解)______thepoetreallymeansinthispoem?Weshould_____________________(牢记)sportscanhelpusdevelopbothourbodiesandcharacters.否定转移：当主句是I/Wethink(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，宾语从句中的否定形式，要转移到主句中。We____________thathe__________thegame.我认为他们赢不了这场比赛。wouldagreethatgoingtopubsisoneoftheirbesttraditionsfigureoutwhatkeep/bearinmindthatdon’tbelievewillwin宾语从句it做形式宾语，后面跟一个that引导的从句。S+find/think/believe/consider/feel/seeto(保证)+it+(a./n.)+that…翻译：我认为每天多喝水是有必要的。Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofwatereveryday.翻译：老师规定我们每周三早晨做听力。(makeitarule)TheteacherhasmadeitarulethatwedolisteningpracticeeveryWednesdaymorning.I’llseetoitthateverythingisreadyintime.Somestudentsjusttakeitforgrantedthattheywillpasstheexamswithoutrevision.宾语从句2.介宾Mary___________________(总是考虑着)howtheycandomoreforothers.Igotoworkbybicycle___________________.(除了下雨的时候)3.某些表语形容词后afraid,amazed,certain,confident,glad,pleased,sorry,sure,surprised,worried翻译：我不确定他们是否会同意这样一个计划。I’mnotsurewhetherthey’llagreetosuchaplan.isalwaysthinkingofexceptwhenitrains1.---Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.---Yes,itcouldbe.AndIwonder_____wecandoaboutit.A.ifB.howC.whatD.that2.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo_____Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever3.Wecan’tfigureout_____quiteanumberofanimalsaredyingout.A.thatB.asC.whyD.when4.Ihateit_____theytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.A.howB.afterC.whatD.whenACCDthat在宾语从句中常省略，但以下情况不可省略：(1)在it作形式宾语，that引导的宾语从句的句型中不省略.(2)由连词and连接的两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句，除第一个that可省略，其他都不可省。Wemustmakeitclear______wemeanwhatwesay.Hetoldme______hewouldcomeand______hewouldcomeontime.that(that)that表语从句常用系动词：be,look,sound,taste,seem,appear,remain,etc.1.Thereasonforyourmistakeis______youlackconfidenceinyourself.2.Thequestionis________wecanreducethecostoftheproduct.3.Theproblemis______wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.4.Thisplaceisn’t______itusedtobe.5.Thedoubtis______hasgotawaywiththedocument.6.Thisis______wefoundtheinterest.7.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat’s______i