论水环境物权——从环境物权视角构建水权制度的可行性研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文论水环境物权——从环境物权视角构建水权制度的可行性研究姓名：管志明申请学位级别：硕士专业：经济法学指导教师：罗玉中20050430IIIIIIAgreatnumberoftheoreticalresearchandresearchwritingsbylotsofscholarsathomeandabroadnowadayshaveconcernedwiththenotion—waterrights.Thecoreoftraditionaltheoreticalresearchonwaterrightsincludesthetheoreticaldesignforinitialwaterrightsdispositionandwaterrightsoperationsystem,namely,thewaterrightscirculationsystem.Fromthelegalpoint,thetraditionaltheoryessentiallyaimstooptimizetheallocationofthewaterresourceandimprovetheeconomicbenefitsofwaterresourcesutilizationthroughtheconstructionoflegalsystemforwaterrecourse.However,thewaterresource,anabsolutelynecessarystuffandmaterialbaseforhumansurvivalanddevelopment,functionsnotonlyaseconomicvalue,butalsoastheecologicalvalueforthemaintenanceofecologicalcirculation.Ithasbeenalongtimethat,humanbeingsjustseteyesontheeconomicattributeofwaterrecourseoroverweighteconomicutilizationefficiency,whichconsequentlycausedtheignoranceontheecologicalattributeofwaterrecourseandtheconstantdeteriorationonit.WiththeincreasingseverityofChina’swaterresourcepressureandcrisis,weneedbreakingawayfromunfavorableeffectandpredicamentofthewaterresourceproblemsonpeople'slifeandproduction.HowtoextricateChinaoutoftheplight?Duetoitssystemdesigndefectsandhistoricallimitation,traditionaltheoriesarenotappropriatetobethethoughtfoundationnolongerforthelegalsystemdesign.Asaresult,newtheoriesareneededtobreakthroughtheconstraintoftraditionaltheoriesandtoremedythedefects.Thepresentresearcherholdstheviewthatthebirthofnew-typerealrightlegalsystemandthetheoryofrealrightforenvironmenthasprovidedabrand-newvisualangletosolvetheabove-mentionedproblems.Nowadays,withtheincreasingseverityofenvironmentalcrisis,sustainabledevelopmentviewpointofenvironmenthasbeengraduallyintroducedintothetheoryofrealrightforenvironmentincivillaw.Thetheoryofrealrightforenvironmentisanew-typerealrighttheorythatcombinesecologicalfunctionandeconomicfunctionofstuffaccordingtothedefinitionfromtheperspectiveoffunction.Nevertheless,inpractice,theestablishmentoftheabovetheorygivesamorescientific,sufficientandoverallexplanationthantraditionaltheoryontheinterrelationshipproducedthroughthehumanutilizationofnaturalresources.Furthermore,WaterRightsintheTheoryofRealRightforEnvironmentistheapplicationofthetheoryofrealrightforenvironmentinthelegislativefieldofwaterresource.Itoccupiesanimportantpositioninthefurtherdeterminingofhigh-efficientutilizationofwaterresourcepursuedbywaterresourceIVlawandthegoalofenvironmentprotectionforwaterresource.Besides,fromthevisualangleofrealrightofenvironment,thepresentthesisanalyzedandreviewedtheelementarytheoriesoftraditionalwaterrightonthebasisofthetheoryofrealrightforenvironment.Themaincontentprobedinthethesisistostudythefeasibilityofstructuringthenew-typewaterrightsystemundertheguidanceofthenew-typethetheoryofrealrightforenvironment.Thethesisfallsintothefollowingfivechapters.Chapteroneintroducedandanalyzedwhat’swaterrights,what’reitscharacteristicsandthetraditionalwaterrightstheory;Chaptertwoputforwardandanalyzedthedefinitionofrealrightenvironment,andthroughthecombinationwiththedefinitionofwaterright,broughtforwardtheconceptofWaterRightsintheTheoryofRealRightforEnvironment;Chapterthreeanalyzedinitialwaterrightsdispositionandwaterrightstradingfromthevisualangleofrealrightforenvironment;onthebasisofanalysisinthepreviousthreechapters,Chapterfourputforwardthebasicprinciplefortheestablishmentofwaterrightsystem,anddesignedtheconstructionframeforthenew-typewaterrightsystem;InChapterfiveconclusionwasdrawn:It’sinevitableinthesocialdevelopmenttotransformthetraditionalwaterrighttheoryintowaterrightsinthetheoryofrealrightforenvironment.Wateriscloselyrelatedtohumanexistence.Thegreatsubjectthathumanbeingisconfrontedwithishowtoestablishharmoniousbalancebetweentheutilizationofwaterrecourseandthemaintenanceofitsecologicalenvironment.ThepresentthesisisexpectedtopromotethedevelopmentofChina’senvironmentalrealrighttheorythroughthedetailedresearchontheapplicationoftheenvironmentalrealrighttheoryinthefieldofwaterrightstheory.Atthesametime,it’salsoexpectedtopresentthetheoryinthefuturelegislationoftherelevantnaturalresources,strengthencitizen'senvironmentprotectionconsciousnessandprotectthespacethatwesurvivetogether.Keywords:waterrightsrealrightforenvironmenttheconstructionoflegalsystemforwaterrecourse1[1]19312[2][3]3……4[4]naturaltheory(Characteristicsofrivers)[5]52070……..67surfacewatergroundwater[6][7]198820028usufruct[8]192[9][10]3104externaleffect[11]D.BrennanM.Scoccimarro[12]11,,[13],,[14]12[15](1);(2)13[16]14[17][18]15[19]16[20],[21][22],17[23]()(),[24][25]18[26]20“”“”“”“”“”19191900266[27]“”20——“”“”[28][29]1“”“”2123,22,,[30]23,,,,,[31]242526[32][33]27[34][35][36]“28”[37]“”[38]123“”“”12923123[39]30[40][41]31[42]1987[43]2090:32[44][45][46][47]3332000:[48]()1987,19973419992000:1987[49][50]6123456[51]2[52]1410[53]3536[54](1)(2)37(3)()38123934540614112345674221432443454314624748495051[1]1979373[2]19311(5)[3]19432(1)[4]1988[5]195631[6]2003255[7][8]TerryLAContinenta