初中英语语法冠词要点(新)PPT

冠词目录•一.冠词概述•二.冠词的分类•三.冠词的用法一.冠词概述•冠词的概念：冠词是经常加在名词前面的一个辅助词，限制名词的意义。•冠词在句子中不能单独作一个成分，是虚词。•冠词的范围：a、an、the二.冠词的分类不定冠词：a和an定冠词：the三.冠词的用法(不定冠词)（一）不定冠词的用法：1.表示类属中的“任何一个”用来列举此类人或事物中的任何一个都具有某种能力或某种特征。Achildshouldhavemorefreetimetothink.2.表示泛指的某人、某物用来指某人或某物，不明确指出具体的人或物，只说明大体情况。AnEnglish-Englishdictionaryisverynecessaryforme.3.表示数量中的“一”。用在数词中，表示“一”。Ahundredandmorepeopleattendedthismeeting.4.表示单位量词的“每一”指某种人或事物中的任何一个，或表示“每一”的概念。Takethreepillsadayandyou’llgetbettersoon.5.与一些常用动词构成搭配getacold感冒payavisit拜访takeaseat坐下getinaword插话makealiving谋生makeaface做鬼脸makeanapology道歉makeaspeech做演讲takeaninterestin对……感兴趣takeamessagefor为某人稍口信lend/givesb.ahand6.不可数名词如education,history,knowledge,population,time,world等，在表述其某一部分或某一方面的内容、概念时，前面常加不定冠词havealonghistoryhaveagoodtimereceiveagoodeducationaknowledgeofEnglishandcomputer7.用于部分动词短语中具有动作意义的名词在与动词have,take,make,give等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，此名词前的不定冠词一般不可缺少，表示“做一做”havealook/walk/break/try/bathmakeachoice/decision/plan/study三.冠词的用法(定冠词)1表示特定的人或物这种用法可以表示上文提到过的或谈话双方明确的人或物。特指某人或某事物，以区别于同类中的其他人或事物。Isthisthebookthatyouarelookingfor?2表示某类属的全体:the常用于单数名词前，代表一类人或事物。Doyouknowwhoinventedthecomputer?Thecat,islikedbymanypeople.3表示地球、宇宙中的独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的东西很多，这里所指的独一无二主要是指各种天体及世界上比较有影响力的物体。Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.4表示具体的地点、方位，具体的时间或某天的一部分等ontherightintheeastin/attheendintheafternooninthecenterin/atthebeginningallovertheworld.5用于比较级、最高级所修饰的名词和序数词前，常用the，表示特指Whichstoryisthemoreinteresting(story)ofthetwo.Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.6用于“越…….越……”结构中，the必不可少Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.7用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人或事物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.Theoldareeasytocatchcold.8用于乐器前，在演奏的乐器前加theShallwedancetotheguitar?9定冠词的习惯用法(1)用定冠词的地名、组织名theUS,theGreatWall,theUN,theHistoryMuseum(2)常用定冠词的习惯短语与时间相关的短语：inthemiddleof,atthesametime,attheageof,alltheyeararound与地点相关的：atthefootof,intheworld,onthewayto,in/onthestreet,in/on/totheeastof,at/on/inthecornerof,ontheground/playground,atthebeginning/endof,atthebackof其他固定短语：tellthetruth,makethebed,inthedarkness,withthehelpof,on/over/throughtheradio,atthetopofone’svoice注意不用冠词的场合（零冠词）1专有名词前一般不加冠词：China,American,GradeTwo2一些抽象的不可数名词前不加冠词：Lifeisshort.Timewaitsfornoman.3名词前已有this,that,my,whose,some,any,no,each,every等等修饰限定时，不加冠词。Ihavesomequestionstoask.4复数名词表示某一类人或事物时，不加冠词Theyareworkers.Computersareverypopulartoallkindsofpeople.5季节、月份、星期和节日的名词前不加冠词ItisSundaytoday.June1stisChildren’sDayinChina.Springisalovelyseason.6在语言、学科、三餐、球类等名词前不加冠词MissSmithcannotspeakChinese.Mathsishardtolearn.7在人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词WhatcolorareMr.Green’sshoes?ThepresidentgaveatalkonTV.8在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词bycar,bybus,bytrain(但takeabus,inaboat,onthebike前要加冠词)9表示语言的名词前不加冠词，但后加language时，必须加theChineseFrenchEnglishtheChineselanguage10在一个“普通名词（或形容词最高级）+as(though)”引导的让步状语从句中，不用冠Shortestthoughheis,herunsfastestinourclass.1.MrWanghasworkedas____Englishteacherformorethan10years.A./B.aC.anD.the2—Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?—Ittakesus___hourormoretogotomyhometownby___train.A.an;aB.a;anC.an;/D.a;/3—What______usefulbookitis!—Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplayguitar.A.an；theB.a；aC.a；theD.an；a4、.Susanjoinedanartclubat＿＿＿ageofsixandpaintswell.A.theB.anC.a5、Myuncleis________engineer.Heworksveryhard.A.theB.aC.an练习6.Ahorseis_______usefulanimal.A.aB.anC.theD./7.Weusuallygoto______schoolonweekdays,andsometimesgoto______cinemaatweekends.A.不填；theB.the;theC.the;不填D.不填；不填8..______areplanningtogoonvacation.A.Black’sB.ABlack’sC.TheBlack’sD.TheBlacks9.MrsSmithhas_____sonandadaughter.A.aB.anC.theD./10.Herdaughterbegantoplay_____pianowhenshewasfive.Nowshe’sverygoodatit.A.anB.aC.theD./11.Shelearnedtoplay_____pianoallbyherself.A.aB.anC.theD.不填12.—Whatdoyouwanttobeinthefuture,Nick?—Iwanttobe_____pilot.Itis_____excitingjob.A、a;aB.a;anC.the;anD,a;the13.Thereis______bigsupermarketin______centerofourcity.A、a;theB.the;aC.the;the14.Beijing,_______capitalofChina,has_______longhistory.A.a;aB.the;不填C.the;aD.不填；the15.Let’shave____break;Iwanttomake_______telephonecall.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;aD.the;the16.—Cindy,doyouhave________e-mailaddress?Iwanttosendyousomephotos.—Yes,Ido.It’scindy][e-mail]________popularwayamongtheyoungpeopletochatontheInternetnow.A.aB.anC.the18.Doyouknow______girlwhoisstandingunder____tree?Ofcourse!SheisLucy,myclassmates.A.the,theB.a,aC.a,/D./,the19.Thereis_____pencilonthedesk.A、anB.aC.theD./20.Ioftengotoschool________.A.bybusB.byabusC.bythebusD.bybuses