SAT语法讲义(全)

12009年SAT语法讲义IdentifyingSentenceErrors一、主谓一致1.就前原则(1)N1ofN2verb（SAT考试中动词的单复数与N1有关，与N2无关）如：agroupofstudentsarethedetailsoftheproblemsare例：Thebright(A)fiberglasssculpturesofLuisJimenezhasreceived(B)criticalacclaimnotonly(C)inhishomestate,NewMexico,butalsoin(D)NewYork.Noerror(E).(P161.1)(2)名词1+介词+名词2如：studentsintheclassroom名词，插入语，verb名词+doing/done如：studentsstudyinghard例：Flintsfoundin(A)theregionextendingfromtheNileValleyto(B)thehighlandsofeasternIraqatteststo(C)thepresenceofpeoplethereaslongagoas(D)onehundredthousandyears.Noerror(E).(P166.3)2.“欲擒故纵”法动词单复数做题基本原则是就前原则，如果句子太长、太难、太复杂时，用“欲擒故纵”法。3.动词单复数的特殊固定用法(1)anumberof一些；一般情况下其后动词用复数，（不受任何规律限制）；thenumberof…的数量；其后的动词在任何情况下都用单数。量词考点：agroup/list/lineof使用“就前原则”(2)倒装结构：就后原则。如：herecomesthebusa.地点状语+动词+主语b.Only置于句首的倒装2例：Inthefoothillsofthatlargemountainrangeis(A)thesourcesofariverwhosecourse(B)wasnotfullymapped(C)until(D)thiscentury.Noerror(E).(P776.19)例：Airpollutioncausedbyindustrialfumeshasbeenstudied(A)foryears,but(B)onlyrecentlyhas(C)theharmfuleffectsofnoisepollutionbecome(D)known.Noerror(E).(P167.6)4.名词集合名词：family,group,stuff,team,community，只要这些词以单数结尾，后面的谓语动词都用单数。people,cattle,police：其后的谓语动词用复数以s结尾的词：means,species,news以cs结尾的词：physics,mathematics，不表示复数，是单数。以us结尾的词：octopus（章鱼）,platypus（鸭嘴兽）,-saurus（恐龙）考点：名词的单复数作业：P410.23、24，P472.22，P602.27，P721.24、26、29，P839.20、27，P894.16，P956.12，P776.12，P839.25，P957.19、28，P471.17，P534.18。二、平行结构（1）名词，名词，and名词例：EachtimeCarolineturnsonhercomputer,shehas(A)toenteracompanycode,thenherinitials,andthenentersapassword(B)before(C)shecanbeginworking(D).Noerror(E).(P166.2)例：Ofthehundredsofwarm-watercoralspecies,onlyafew(A)arehighlyprized(B)foruseinjewelrybecauseoftheir(C)beauty,luster,andtheyarehard(D).Noerror(E).(P533.12)（2）两者之间的平行如：notonly…,butalso…neither…,nor…either…,or……and/but….3例：Thelaborunionisnegotiating(A)acontractwiththehospitalthat(B)willsatisfy(C)thedemandsoftheworkersandbeacceptableto(D)alllevelsofmanagement.Noerror(E).(P601.13)（3）句子的平行考点：同类比较特点：-er,more,than,as,like,unlike,compareto/with.如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.所有格和所有格之间比较时，第二个所有格是不能省略的，需要补充thatof/thoseof/’s。作业：P601.13，P777.28，P599.3，P410.21、29，P602.20、22，P659.25，P660.27，P720.14、18。三、形容词和副词adj.+n./pron.adv.+v./adj./adv.如：Ifindthebookeasy.Ifindthebookeasily.例：Althoughcanoeingthrough(A)therapidswasexciting,itwas(B)alsoexhausting,andwewerehappyforatimetohavethecanoefloatserene(C)down(D)asmoothstretchoftheriver.Noerror(E).(P838.12)笔记：serene平静的；serenely平静地如：快速的发展中的国家rapidlydevelopingcountry例：Theresearchstudyreveals(A)startlingproofofaconstant(B)changingseafloorthatcomprises(C)themajorpartof(D)theunderwaterlandscape.Noerror(E).(P602.29)例：Justhow(A)criticalanimprovedbalanceoftradeisto(B)ahealthyeconomyhasneverbeen(C)moreclearer(D)thanitisnow.Noerror(E).（P659.18）作业：P167.7，P192.14，P409.17，P660.29，P721.22，P894.13，P896.27，P957.23。四、逻辑主语（1）Doing/done…,SVO.4如：Beatenblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.Beatingblackandblue,Kittyiscrying.例：Contrastingwith(A)mostother(B)fifteenth-centuryrulers,PortugueseKingscouldcounton(C)thesupportofthearistocracyinany(D)overseasventures.Noerror(E)例：Raisedinalargeandnoisycity,itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe.（P955.11）(A)itwasonlywhenIwentawaytocollegethatIrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(B)whenIwentawaytocollegeIthenrealizedhowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(C)goingawaytocollegemademerealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbe(D)IdidnotrealizehowdelightfullifeinasmalltowncouldbeuntilIwentawaytocollege(E)delightfullifeinasmalltownwasunrealizedbymeuntilIwentawaytocollege例：WhileworkingasanurseinthestreetsofCalcutta,thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor.（P892.1）(A)thatwaswhenMotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor(B)MotherTeresadevelopedaprofoundloveforthepoor(C)thenthedevelopmentofMotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoortookplace(D)MotherTeresa’sprofoundloveforthepoordeveloped(E)aprofoundloveforthepoordevelopedinMotherTeresa例：Havingthoughttheproblemthroughwithsomecare,thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely.（P599.5）(A)thatthecommitteedidnotunderstandhersolutionfrustratedthechairpersonextremely5(B)thechairperson’sextremelyfrustrationresultedfromthecommitteenotunderstandinghersolution(C)thechairperson’sfrustrationatthecommittee’sfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasextreme(D)thechairpersonwasextremelyfrustratedbythecommittee’sfailuretounderstandhersolution(E)thecommittee’sfailingtounderstandhersolutionwasanextremefrustrationtothechairpersonwhile/when/by/on/throughDoing/done…,SVO.例：BysimplyenteringanInternetwebsiteorcallingatoll-freenumber,acatalogordercanbeplacedforalmostanythingfromcheesecakestofullyequippeddesktopcomputers.（P616.12）(A)acatalogordercanbeplaced(B)byplacingacatalogorder(C)theywillplaceyourcatalogorder(D)youcanplaceacatalogorder(E)yourcatalogordercanbeplaced例：Indicatingtheirdesiretoextendfreeenterprise,CanadianselectedamemberoftheProgressiveConservativeParty,KimCampbell,asPrimeMinisterin1993.（P493.13）(A)Canadianselectedamemb