句子成分(要的)

tSentencecomponent语法专题(3)英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。句子成分详解句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语1.主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。1)Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）4)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）5)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）6)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）7)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）8)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2.谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2)复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。Wearestudents.3.表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由下列结构表示。1)OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2)Isityours?（代词）3)Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4)Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5)Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）6)HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）9)Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）•在系动词后的部分就是表语•常见的系动词有:•be(am,is,are,were,was)•状态：seem,appear,prove---•感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look•变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow•持续：remain,stay,keep,4.宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lendmeyourdictionary.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.1)Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）2)Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）3)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）4)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）5)Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）6)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）7)Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）8)Hefoundithardtosolvetheproblem.（it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）5.宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。1)HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）2)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）3)Letthefreshairin.（副词）4)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）5)Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）6)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）7)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→ThestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexamWemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.6.定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。1)Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）3)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）4)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）5)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）6)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）7)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）8)HehasasisterwhoworksinHongKong.(定语从句)7.状语(adverbialmodifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。1)Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）2)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）3)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）4)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）5)Waitaminute.（名词）6)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语有如下10种：1)Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间）2)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因）3)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件）4)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点）5)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式）6)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随）7)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的）8)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果）9)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步）10)Iamtallerthanheis.（比较）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.Thankyou!