高考英语阅读理解复习课件终极版.ppt／

阅读理解高考山东省考试大纲对英语阅读作了以下说明：1.理解语篇主旨大意；2.理解文中具体信息；3.根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；4.作出判断和推理；5.理解文章的基本结构；6.理解作者的观点、意图和态度。正确答案的特征１.正确答案不能有绝对化语言。２.正确答案往往具有合理性，即符合生活常识，（但符合生活常识的不一定是正确答案）３.正确答案常常有ｓｏｍｅ，ｍａｎｙ，ｍａｙ，ｃａｎ等表示不确定的词。（1）细节题正确答案的特点：与原文情节表达手法不同，但所表达的意思相同。干扰选项的特点：1.是原文信息，但与题目要求不符；2.符合常识，但不符合原文内容；3.与原文情节极为相似，只是在程度上有些变动；4.选项中所提供的信息部分正确，部分错误；5.在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。•细节理解题的解题方法:１细读题干，找出题干关键词２从文章中找到题干关键词，正确答案的依据就在题干关键词的后面３在三种情况下，正确答案在题干关键词的前面！１）题干关键词在段尾２）题干关键词是一个例子3)关键词在破折号后LiumadetheremarksonMarch28,2007atapressconferencetoofficiallylaunchthevolunteerrecruitmentdrivefromHongKong,Macao,Taiwanandforeigncountriesforthe2008Games.1.Recruitmentforoverseasvolunteersbegan_____.A.onMarch28,2007B.onJanuary19,2007C.onAugust28,2006D.onMay26,2007A（2）判断、推断题判断推理的题目中常含有infer、imply,conclude,learn,intend词汇等。干扰项的特点：1.将文章中的已知信息作为干扰项；2.将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解题方法：1.判断推理要以文中事实为依据;2.不能将文中已经阐明的事实作自己的推断;3.杜绝仅凭个人的看法，主观臆断以及生活常识来判断。例如：Todate,morethan400,000peoplehavesetinapplications,morethan270,000ofthemfromBeijing.Wecaninferthat_______A.manyChineseapplicantscanspeakEnglishB.mostapplicantsareBeijingnativesC.atpresentmostoftheapplicantsarefromBeijingD.theapplicantsmustpassthedrivingtestC（3）猜测词义题词、短语意思的猜测主要依据它所在段落的内容进行。如果该段落比较短，信息量不足，那么与之相邻的上下两个段落的内容则是猜词义的重要依据。具体方法为：1.猜测名词含义，要注意相关段落中名词的含义。例如:However,menquicklyfoundmoreconvenientandreliablewaysoftellingthetime.Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.Indeed,anyseriousstudentofantiqueshouldspendasmuchtimeaspossiblevisitingpalaces,statelyhomesandmuseumstoseesomeofthefinestexamplesofclocksfromthepast.（2007广东）Whatdoesthe“statelyhomes”referto___?A.state-ownedhousesB.B.housesinverygoodconditionC.grandhousesopentothepublicD.houseswherestatesmenmeetregularlyC例3.HereisThePines,whosecookhasdevelopedaspecialwayofmixingforeignfoodsuchascaribou,wildboar,andreindeerwithsurprisingsauces.(04福建)Accordingtothepassage,ThePinesisa______.A.placeinwhichyoucanseemanymobilehomesB.mountainwhereyoucangetagoodviewofthevalleyC.townwhichhappenstobeneartheBanffNationalParkD.restaurantwhereyoucanaskforsomespecialkindsoffood1、根据对比、比较关系猜测词义在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。例如，表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike,not,but,however,despite,inspiteof,incontrast等；表示对比关系的句子结构：while引导的并列句；同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：like,similarly,justas,also,aswellas等。2.猜测动词或动词短语的含义，要注意相关段落中动词的含义。Manyyearsago,whenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenver,Iwasdrivingtomyparents’homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCity,whereIwasplanningtostopandvisitafriend...Itookoff,buthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokepouredfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.（2006全国I）Thewords“tookoff”underlinedinParagraph2mean“_____”.A.turnedoffB.movedoffC.putupD.setupBWhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormalmentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?Iwantedtoknow.•Theunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymeans___•A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyonC4、猜测词性变换新词含义例19.Theotherteams,disappointed,wereonthebusheadinghome.(04山东)head本为名词“头”。由thebus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表“朝……方向行进”。例20.Ihadfirstknownshewaswrong,thatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全国Ⅱ)3.猜测形容词的含义，要注意相关段落对相关信息的描述。例如：AsmalltowninsouthwestBritainisbanningplasticbagsinanattempttohelptheenvironmentandcutwaste－astepthatenvironmentalistsbelieveisafirstforEurope.ShopkeepersinModburyagreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.（2007福建）Theunderlinedword“disposable”inthepassageprobablymeans__.A.acceptableB.valuableC.throw-awayD.long-lastingCEarlyhumanbeingsusedveryfragilehousesandboats.Oftenstrongwindwouldtearroofsfromhousesorcausehighwavesthatendangeredtravelers.People’sfoodsuppliesweresimilarlyvulnerable.Evenaftertheyhadlearnedhowtoplantgrains，theystillneededhelpfromnaturetoensuregoodharvests..72.Theunderlinedword“vulnerable”inParagraph3means____A.impossibletomakesureofB.likelytobeprotectedC.easytodamageD.difficulttofindC2、根据后缀猜测词义例16.It’saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland’smostsoutherlypoint．(05广东)后缀-ise/-ize意思是“使成为……；使……化”，词根commercial(商业的)，则不难猜出uncommercialized的意思。（4）猜测句意正确答案的特点：1.与原句含义相同，但表达手法不同；2.是原句意思的高度概括。干扰项也有一些特点：1.干扰项往往是片面的，不能涵盖原句的全部意思；2.干扰项中的某个成分，如时间、地点等与原句存在出入；3.干扰项与原句意思完全不符。被猜测句子的特点：该句子往往是上文语境的结果或结论。例如：Wecouldn’taffordallthenecessarymedica-tionforhim,andbecauseDadwasunabletowork.Ihadnomoneyforschoolsuppliesandoftencouldn’tevenbuyfoodfordinner.Iwouldsitinclassfeelingcompletelylost,theteacher’swordsmuffledasItriedtofigureouthowIwasgoingtomanage.（2006北京）Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.Kerrelcouldn’tunderstandherteacher.B.Kerrelhadspecialdifficultyinhearing.C.Kerrelwastootroubledtofocusonthelesson.D.Kerrelwastootiredtoheartheirteacher’swords.C（5）揣摩作者态度、意图正确答案的特点：1.是作者在原文中所表露