高考英语阅读理解讲座(猜词、主旨大意)课件

上下文构词法猜测词意●信号词：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.1、定义或解释说明木匠动物学家夜班2、对比关系信号词:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,ononehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的3、因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的4、举例法信号词:such,suchas,like,forexample/instance,especially,include,consistofCarsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.装置家禽5、重述信号词:or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtodentulous,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉有牙齿的6、同义词、近义词信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameasThenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.代替圆胖的7、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.波纹麻药Whatdoesitaskustodo?choosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis_____.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_____.主旨大意Howdowesumupsomethingfromapassage?查找主旨、标题时，我们要学习识别文章中最基本,最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。1.Choosethemostgeneralword.A)chemistB)physicistC)scientistD)biologist2.Choosethemostgeneralsentence.A)Thehotelofferscomplimentarycoffeefrom7to10a.m.daily.B)TherearemanyreasonswhyguestsfeelathomeattheGloriettaBayInn.C)Thecoin-operatedlaundryroomhasanironingboard.D)ThereareanumberofextraservicesattheGloriettaBayInnincludingbaby-sitting.3.Readthefollowingandchoosethetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthepassage.Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodetermineprices.Itiscalledthelawofsupplyanddemand.Supplymeanstheamountof,oraccessto,certaingoods.Demandrepresentsthenumberofpeoplewhowantthosegoods.Iftherearemoregoodsthanwanted,thepriceofthemfalls.Ontheotherhand,ifthedemandforthosegoodsismuchgreaterthanthesupply,thenpricerises.Ofcoursemanufacturersprefertosellmoregoodsatincreasedprices.A)EconomicPrinciplesB)LawofSupplyandDemandC)MoreGoods,LowerPricesD)FewerGoods,HigherPrices要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage.Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld.Over70percentoftheworld'sradioprogramsareinEnglish.FindthetopicsentenceLetusconsiderhowvoicetrainingmaycontributetopersonalitydevelopmentandanimprovedsocialadjustment.Inthefirstplace,ithasbeenfairlywellestablishedthatindividualstendtobecomewhattheybelieveotherpeoplethinkthemtobe.Whenpeoplereactmorefavorablytowardusbecauseourvoicesconveytheimpressionthatwearefriendly,competent,andinteresting,thereisastrongtendencyforustodevelopthosequalitiesinourpersonality.Ifwearetreatedwithrespectbyothers,wesooncometohavemorerespectforourselves.Then,too,one‘sownconsciousnessofhavingapleasant,effectivevoiceofwhichhedoesnotneedtobeashamedcontributesmateriallytoafeelingofpoise（泰然自若）,self-confidence,andajustprideinhimself.Agoodvoice,likegoodclothescandomuchforanego（自我）thatotherwisemightbeinclinedtodroop（萎靡）.Thetitlethatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis:A)OurEgoB)TheReflectionofOurPersonalityC)HowtoAcquireaPleasantVoiceD)VoiceTraininginPersonalityDevelopment另外,要特别注意上例中提到的inthefirstplace,then,if等连接语,这些连接语能帮助我们把握文章内容的编排方式,领会文章的要点,准确全面地理解文章。主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。InAmericatheyhaveasayingmuchlaughedatbytheEnglish:”Haveaniceday”theyspeakslowlyandseriouslyintheirshop,hotelsandsandwichbars.Ithinkitisawonderfulphrase,remindingus,ineffect,toenjoythemoment:tovaluethisveryday.(2006广东，D)Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlyattractyourattention:“ColorTV,only$79.Two-daysale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy,youmaydiscoverthattheadvertisedsetsaresoldout.Butthesalesmanisquicktoreassureyouthathehasanothermodel,amorereliablesetwhichis“justrightforyou.”Itcosts$359.Thissalestacticiscalled“baitandswitch.”Buyersarebaitedwithasalesoffer,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermorecostlyitem.Buyingitemsonsalerequirescarefulconsiderationofthemerchandise（商品）andthereasonsforthesale.1.Whichsenten