英语课件高二英语虚拟语气xi[www

虚拟语气(1)if条件句与主句的时态搭配与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反例句：IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygo.IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’tloseheart.Ifshewerealivetoday,howhappywewouldbe!例句：IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Ishould/wouldnothavemadesuchamistake.Wewouldhavedroppedbyifwehadhadtime.例句：IfIhadtime,Iwouldseehimoffattheairporttomorrow.Ifitshouldrain,thecropscouldbesaved.IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.(2)混合条件句：从句与主句的动作不是同时发生，这时要分别根据各自发生的时间，选用相应的虚拟形式。例句：ItisapitythatMr.Zhangisn’there.Ifhehadcome,myparentswouldbehappier.Ifyouhadgonetoadoctor,youwouldbeallrightnow.(3)含有were，had或should的虚拟条件句可以省略if，然后将were，had或should移至主语之前，形成倒装句句。例句：WereIyou,Iwouldnotgiveup.HadIknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhaverunghimupatthattime.Shouldithappen,whatwouldyoudo?S+动词过去式（表现在）Ifonly+S+had+过去分词（表过去）S+could/would/might+动词原形（表将来）(4)Ifonly…!=HowIwish…!常常引导一个省略了主句的句子，表示强烈的愿望，意为“要是……就好了”，“但愿……”。例句：IfonlyIcouldhelpyou!IfonlyIhadn’tsaidthat!Ifonlythewindwouldstop!(5)Ifitbenotfor…也是一种虚拟语气从句，意为“要是没有……”。Ifitwerenotfor…Ifithadnotbeenfor…例句：IfitwerenotfortheguidanceoftheParty,wewouldfail.Ifithadnotbeenforthehelpourteacher,wewouldnothavemadesomuchprogress.Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.(6)介词with，without，butfor等所引导的短语可以表示含蓄的条件。例句：Withyourhelp,wecouldhavedonebetter.Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavepassedtheexam.(7)虚实错综句：有时虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织在一起，需要我们判断哪一处是虚拟语气，哪一处是陈述语气。Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewithyou.（第一句说明当时的事实，是陈述句；otherwise后面是隐含条件的虚拟语气。）Icouldhavefinishedthework,butIwasillthen.（前句是隐含条件的虚拟语气，后句but表示转折，说明当时的事实，是陈述句。）2.动词wish后的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，因此从句中要用虚拟语气。从句中谓语动词的形式为：S+wish+(that)+:S+动词过去式（be多用were）（表现在）S+had+过去分词（表过去）S+could/would/might+动词原形（表将来）例句：IwishIknewtheanswertothequestion.IwishitwerespringinBeijingalltheyearround.Iwish(ed)Ihadn’tspentsomuchmoney.IwishIwouldgoabroadsomeday.3.虚拟语气用于asif或asthough引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中，从句中谓语动词多用“过去式（be多用were）”或“had+过去分词”等形式。例句：Shetreatstheboyasifhewereherownchild.ShetalksaboutNewYorkasthoughshehadbeenthere.注意：(1)asif/asthough如果表示“有可能实现的事实”时，不用虚拟语气。如：Hewalksasifheisdrunk.（确实醉了）Hewalksasifheweredrunk.（其实并没有醉）Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.（真的要下雨了）Itlooksasiftheskyweregoingtofalldown.（天不会塌下来）(2)以上两种虚拟语气从句的谓语动词的形式与主句的时态无关，只根据它与主句动作的时间差而定。例句：Helookedasifhewereanartist.HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.4.虚拟语气用在“Itis(high)time+(that)+定语从句”中，从句中谓语动词的形式为“动词过去式（be的过去式一律用were）”或“should+动词原形”（should不省略）。例句：Itis(high)timethatwehadarest/weshouldhavearest.5.虚拟语气用在“wouldrather+(that)从句”中，从句中谓语动词多用“过去式（be多用were）”或“had+过去分词”等形式。例句：I’dratheryoupostedtheletteratonce.HewouldratherIhaddonetheworkforhim.6.从句中谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的句型注意：(1)suggest意为“建议，提议”时，用虚拟语气；意为“暗示，说明”时，用陈述语气。例句：Jane’spalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.(2)insist意为“坚决要求，一定要”时，用虚拟语气；意为“坚持认为，坚持说，力言”时，用陈述语气。例句：Iinsistedhegotoseeadoctor,butheinsistedthatnothingwaswrongwithhim.7.用于“May+主语+动词原形”表祝愿的句型中。例句：Mayyoubehappy!Mayyousucceed!8.用于标语、口号或祈祷的句子中。例句：Godblessyou.LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!