威尼斯佛罗伦萨城市发展史

城市分析Florence&Venice佛罗伦萨与威尼斯•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockFlorence&Venice研究思路:①历史进程梳理②历史与城市发展的轨迹的叠合③社会、政治，经济，文化叠合④物质空间形态•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockFlorence&VeniceFlorence:AcentreofmedievalEuropeantradeandoneofthewealthiestcitiesofthetime,itisconsideredthebirthplaceoftheRenaissance,andhasbeencalledtheAthensoftheMiddleAges.AturbulentpoliticalhistoryincludesperiodsofrulebythepowerfulMedicifamily,andnumerousreligiousandrepublicanrevolutions.From1865to1871thecitywasthecapitaloftherecentlyestablishedKingdomofItaly.Venice:AcityinnortheasternItalysitedonagroupof118smallislandsseparatedbycanalsandlinkedbybridges.ItislocatedinthemarshyVenetianLagoonwhichstretchesalongtheshoreline,betweenthemouthsofthePoandthePiaveRivers.AmajormaritimepowerduringtheMiddleAgesandRenaissance,andastagingareafortheCrusadesaveryimportantcenterofcommercecentury.Florence&VeniceFlorenceOriginatedasaRomancity.FlorencewasestablishedbyLuciusCorneliusSullain80BCasasettlementforhisveteransoldiersandwasnamedoriginallyFluentia,owingtothefactthatitwasbuiltbetweentworivers,whichwaslatercorruptedtoFlorentia.Itwasbuiltinthestyleofanarmycampwiththemainstreets,thecardoandthedecumanus,intersectingatthepresentPiazzadellaRepubblica.•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockVenice:TheoriginalpopulationofVeniceconsistedofrefugeesfromRomancitiesnearVenicesuchasPadua,Aquileia,Treviso,AltinoandConcordia(modernPortogruaro)andfromtheundefendedcountryside,whowerefleeingsuccessivewavesofGermanicandHuninvasions.Florence&VeniceFlorenceMargraveHugochoseFlorenceashisresidencyinsteadofLuccaatabout1000AD.TheGoldenAgeofFlorentineartbeganaroundthistime.In1013,constructionbeganontheBasilicadiSanMiniatoalMonte.TheexteriorofthebaptisterywasreworkedinRomanesquestylebetween1059,and1128.•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockVenice:Fromthe9thtothe12thcentury,Venicedevelopedintoacitystate(anItalianthalassocracyorRepubblicaMarinara,theotherthreebeingGenoa,Pisa,andAmalfi).ItsstrategicpositionattheheadoftheAdriaticmadeVenetiannavalandcommercialpoweralmostinvulnerable.Florence&VeniceFlorenceTheextinctionoftheMedicilineandtheaccessionin1737ofFrancisStephen,dukeofLorraineandhusbandofMariaTheresaofAustria,ledtoTuscany'sinclusionintheterritoriesoftheAustriancrown.AustrianrulewastoendindefeatatthehandsofFranceandthekingdomofSardinia-Piedmontin1859,andTuscanybecameaprovinceoftheunitedkingdomofItalyin1861.•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockVenice:Venice'slongdeclinestartedinthe15thcentury,whenitfirstmadeanunsuccessfulattempttoholdThessalonicaagainsttheOttomans(1423–1430).ItalsosentshipstohelpdefendConstantinopleagainstthebesiegingTurks(1453).Florence&VeniceFlorenceInthe19thcenturythepopulationofFlorencedoubled,andtripledinthe20thcenturywiththegrowthoftourism,trade,financialservicesandtheindustry.DuringWorldWarIIthecityexperiencedayear-longGermanoccupation(1943–1944).OnSeptember25,1943,alliedbomberstargetedcentralFlorence,destroyingmanybuildingsandkilling215civilians.•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockVenice:TheRepubliclostindependencewhenNapoleonBonaparteconqueredVeniceon12May1797duringtheFirstCoalition.TheFrenchconquerorbroughttoanendthemostfascinatingcenturyofitshistory:duringthe18thcentury,VenicebecameperhapsthemostelegantandrefinedcityinEurope,greatlyinfluencingart,architectureandliterature.Florence&Venice•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockFlorenceVeniceAncientRomeEmpireasettlementforveteransoldiersanarmycamprefugeesfromRomancitiesTheMedievalPeriodAcentreofmedievalEuropeanWealthArtacitystateaflourishingtradecenterbetweenTheRenaissancethebirthplaceoftheRenaissanceOneimportantplaceoftheRenaissanceTheModernTimeanimportantcityinItalianfashion、economicandtourism.animportantcityinItalianfashion、cultureandtourism.Florence&Venice•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•Traffic•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•TextureofBlockFlorenceFlorence&Venice•CityProfile•BriefHistory•AncientRomeEmpire•TheMedievalPeriod•TheRenaissance•TheModernTime•FactorAnalysis•TextureofBlock•Boundary•SymbolicBuildings•tarfficFlorence公元前59年，罗马人在阿诺河畔建立居住地，当时叫“弗洛伦第阿”，其形体为边长是700米的正方形，没有城墙。城市内部由方格网组成，道路纵横交错，具有典型罗马城市的特点。Florence&Venice•CityProfile