高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解

直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）一．直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”（直接引语）→Hesaidthathewasastudent.（间接引语）主句从句主句从句二．当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致Hesays,”Ilikemathverymuch.→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致HesaidtoLily,“youmustgetupearly”→HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly三不用变引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim”→Shetoldmethattheywantedhelphim★（二）．时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一般现在时。1.主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teachertoldus:Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth.主句的时态从句的时态例句一般现在时Hesays所需的任何时态Hesays,”helikesmathverymuch.→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch一般过去时Hesaid直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时Hesaid,“heisastudent.”→Hesaidthathewasastudent现在进行时过去进行时Hesaid,“heisreading.”→Hesaidthathewasreading(三)．时间状语变化直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthisweekyesterdaylastweekthreedaysagotomorrownextweekthenthatdaythatnightthatweekthedaybeforetheweekbeforethreedaysbeforethenextday/thefollowingdaythenextweek/thefollowingweek地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake一般将来时过去将来时Hesaid,“hewillgohome”→Hesaidthathewouldgohome一般过去时过去完成时Hesaid，“hewenthome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome现在完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehasgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome过去完成时过去完成时Hesaid，“hehadgonehome”→Hesaidthathehadgonehome★(四)．连接词1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直接与主句相连。2．从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。3．从句为特殊疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他直接引语连接词例句注意事项陈述句that（常省略）Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”→Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词：that2.引述动词said,saidtosbtoldsb,等一般疑问句if/whether.“是否”Heaskedher,“Doyouloveme?”→Heaskedherwhethershelovedhim.1.改为“陈述语序”。2.引述动词asked3.去掉Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置特殊疑问句特殊疑问词：what,who,why,how,which,whenHeaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?”→Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?”→HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.1.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉Do,Does,Did改变Are,Is,Will,Can位置祈使句肯定ask(tell)sb.todosthHeshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”→HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.1.不用连接词2.不改变时态。3.无须考虑语序否定ask(tell)sb.nottodosth.Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”→Heaskedmenottobelate.注意：1.语序不变的有：What’thematterwithyou?What’swrongwithyou?但What’sthetroublewithyou?的语序要变1）从句中有or/ornot。例：sheaskswhetherhestayed。2.只用whether2）与不定式todo连用。例：Ican’tdecidewhethertotellhimthenews3)在介词后。例：theyaretalkingaboutwhethertheycanaffordthenewhouse用法是有区别的，但当if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选whether★3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。陈述语序中：be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1）canyoutellmewhereisthehospital(错）canyoutellmewherethehospitalis.(对）2）Idon’tknowwhetherdoeshespeakChinese(错）Idon’tknowwhetherhespeaksChinese(对）3）Iamnotsurewhatcanhedo(错）Iamnotsurewhathecando(对）