大数据在应急管理中的应用

13620153357*“”11JZD029。、。、250100doi10．3782/j．issn．1006－0863．2015．03．26*。。、。、。、、。F328A1006－0863201503－0136－07。。、McKinseyGlobalInstitute、、。13VVolume、VarietyVelocity。2《》、、3。“”“”“”“”“”、、、、“”“”。。、、。420153357137。2013、、。5、、、、。、1。。。1、。、“”。。。、。。。1．。、。2009、。6“．．．．．．“”。”7。“”“”。82．“”13820153357。60。2005。。7。2965660471331152005128。9。。20081554。79%40%。10。。。“”。11。“Nexus7”。12、。、。。。1．、、、、2。2。3。、、、、、。。。、。。32．。20153357139。2090GPS。“”。“”MyMaps。、、、、。。。2007720095。ZacaFire20077、。20087GapFire。200811“”TeaFire———、。。。1320095JesusitaFire。。2760。、、。14。。。。15、、、1。。。、。。。。“CrowdSourcing”。“”。。“”、。GPS。。。“”Twitter。。。。2010“”“”。4、。414020153357。。TwitterFacebook。。16。。。“”、、、。“”。“”CSVＲSSFeed。“”。17。。。2－3。、。18。、。。19。、。21。“”201382020132《》2120136“IT”2013—2020“”。22。2013161．89。232013411507“。”24“”。。25“”。、、。Data．Gov10。。。20101Data．Gov．uk3000。20114、“”MyData。。26。20116Data．Gov．sg60860050%。OneMap60。100、、。27、。。“”。“”。20153357141。。“”。。。。、。。。。。20135·2007“”PＲISMFBINSA、、、IT、、、。28“”“”。20145“”。“”。29。“”。。、“”。●1JamesManyikaMichaelChuiBradBrownetal．BigDataTheNextFrontierforInnovationCompetitionandProductivityhttp//．mckinsey．com/in-sights/business_technology/big_data_the_next_frontier_for_innovation．2．、J．201350．3···．、M．．2012．13．457811NeilCouchBillＲobinsBigDataforDefenceandSecurityEB/OL．https//．rusi．org/downloads/assets/ＲUSI_BIGDATA_Ｒeport_2013．pdf．6OfficeofthePressSecretaryofTheWhiteHousePres-identObamaNamesVivekKundraChiefInformationOfficer2009WashingtonDC．910LandryBernardBillBirkemeierＲichardBou-chardetal．ANationalOperationalWaveObservationPlan．．ioos．noaa．gov/library/wave_plan_final_03122009．pdf．12ExecutiveOfficeofthePresident．BigDataSeizingOpportunities．TheWhiteHouseMay12014．131415GoodchildM．FGlennonJ．ACrowdsourcingGeographicInformationforDisasterＲe-sponseAＲesearchFrontier．InternationalJournalofDigitalEarth201033．16171819OrtmannJLimbuMWangDetal．CrowdsourcingLinkedOpenDataforDisasterManage-ment．ProceedingsoftheTerraCognitaWorkshoponFoundationsTechnologiesandApplicationsoftheGeospatialWebinConjunctionwiththeISWC2011．20EB/OL．http//intl．ce．cn/specials/zxgjzh/201308/14/t20130814_24662628．sht-ml2014－01－03．2124EB/OL．http//．china－cloud．com/dashu-juzhongguo/disanqi/2014/0115/22708．html2014－01－15．151CPA20153357151。3．。。、、、、。4．。。。。。、、、。5．。。、。。。●14122ITEB/OL．ht-tp//．china－cloud．com/dashujuzhongguo/disanqi/2014/0114/22689．html2014－01－14．23“”N．2013－05－21．25．“”J．201212．26．、、M2013．274277－278278．27EB/OL．http//．china－cloud．com/dashujuzhongguo/disanqi/2014/0121/22831．html2014－01－22．28EB/OL．http//news．ifeng．com/world/special/sndxiemi/content－4/detail_2013_06/13/26366771_0．shtml2013－06－13．29President’sCouncilofAdvisorsonScience＆Tech-nologyBigDataandPrivacyATechnologicalPer-spectiveTheWhiteHouseMay12014．TheApplicationofBig－DataApproachinEmergencyManagementMaBenMaoQingduoAbstractWhiletheBigDataischangingtheworldthedatacollectionanddataanalysishavebecomeanimportantwaytoimprovetheemergencymanagement．Afteranalyzingtheconceptandapplicationsofbigdatawecanfindthatthebig－dataapproachconsistsofbig－datatechnologyandbig－dataidea．Thoseapproachescanbeusedinthreestagesofemergencymanagementaspreparationstageemergencyresponsestageandreconstructionandrecoverystage．Atthesametimetheapplicationsaredifferentineachstageduetothevariousproblemsexisted．Sincetheapplicationofbig－dataapproachcanhelptoimproveefficiencysavecostandminimizelos-sesChinashouldexploreandmaketheBig－dataStrategytheopendatapolicyandthespecificformsofBig－dataapplicationofemergencymanagement．AuthorsMaBenisAssociateProfessoratSchoolofPoliticalScienceandPublicAdministrationShandongUniversityandalsoPart－timeＲesearcheratCenterforCrisisManagementＲesearchTsinghuaUniversityMaoQingduoisMasterCandidateShandongUniversity．Jinan250100