印度文化简介

MembersClaireLu,LucyLu,EmilySun,CarolPei.天竺之国印度TenjikuRepublicofIndiaIndiaisoneoftheoldestcivilizationspalaceintheworld.Indiaisacountryfulloforientalmystery.IndiaisthefirstsitethattestedGandhi'snon-violentstrugglethoery.Indiawasthejewelinthecrownempireofthesunneversetstheempireonwhichthesunneversets.IndiaisquietlyemergingintheEastSea,anditisnearingChina.IndiaisoneofmodernChinaandwiththesameordealandthecourseofstruggleofpeoples-------ChengJieLin,AHistoryofIndiaIndiaPhantomLocationofCountrySouthAsiaCapitalCityPopulationNewDelhi1,210,193,422TypeofGovernmentParliamentary-baseddemocraticrepublicanMajorEthicGroupsHindustaniTeluguBengaliMajorlanguageHindiEnglishIndia印度发展DevelopingBlossom绽放Holidays传统节日Indianhistory历史进程整体评述CommentaryReligionCustom宗教信仰民俗风情India印度历史PrimitiveCommune历史公社SlaveSociety奴隶社会HistoryFeudalSociety封建社会Colonialandsemi-feudalsociety殖民地半封建社会MordenIndia当代印度Brahmin婆罗门刹帝利Vaisya吠舍KshatriyaSudra首陀罗CasteSystemKshatriyaBrahminTheBrahminsarethepriestsnobles.Theylargelyreligious,divination,forbetterorworse,monopolycultureandreportedseason,isthehigheststatusinsociety.Inordertomaintainthecastesystem,brahminpriestspreached,peoplearedividedintofourcastesisthewillofGod,isrightandproper.Kshatriya,fromKshatra(ruleorauthority),isoneofthefourvarnasoftheHindusociety.Traditionally,Kshatriyaconstitutetherulingandmilitaryelite.Theywereinchargeoftheprotectionofthesocietybyfightinginwartimeandgoverninginpeacetime.VaihyasShudraShudraisthefourthVarna.Accordingtothisancienttext,theShudraperformfunctionsofservingtheotherthreevarna.ThevarnasystembecamerigidinthelaterVedicperiod.InmodernIndiansociety,thegovernmentistakingstepstoendthedifferencesbetweenvariouscastes.HindureligioustextsassignedVaishyastotraditionalrolesinagricultureandcattle-rearingbutovertimetheycametobelandowners,tradersandmoney-lenders.IndiantraderswerewidelycreditedforthespreadofIndianculturetoregionsasfarasSoutheastAsia.FestivalofLights(Diwali)HoliFestivalFestivalofTen(Dussehra)TraditionalFestivalsDiwaliisIndia'smostlively,oneofthemostimportanttraditionalfestival.FestivalofLightsTheHolifestivalofcolorsdrawsitsrootsfromaHindulegendinvolvingthecourtshipofRadhaandthereligiousfigureKrishna.HoliFestivalFestivalofteniscelebratingthefestivalthatRamaovertendevilkingRehoboam,isoneofthethreemajorHindufestivals.FestivalofTenIndiaisacountrywithUnityinDiversity.ThisdiversenessinculturemakesIndiaauniquecountryintheworldwithalotofdifferentcustomsandtraditions.CustomsofIndiaareamajorattractionforthetouristscominghere.ReligionsandCustomsinIndiaReligioninIndiaischaracterizedbyadiversityofreligiousbeliefsandpractices.Indiaisthebirthplaceoffouroftheworld'smajorreligions;namelyHinduism,Buddhism,JainismandSikhism.ThroughoutIndia'shistory,religionhasbeenanimportantpartofthecountry'sculture.Religiousdiversityandreligioustolerancearebothestablishedinthecountrybythelawandcustom.AvastmajorityofIndians,(over93%),associatethemselveswithareligion.ReligionMajorReligionsinIndiaHinduismIslan(TajMahal)ThefamousIslamicarchitectureinIndia.风俗习惯CustomsBirthWeddingDeathWelcomeProstratingNamaskarCeremonyOthersBeforeParentsandEldersTraditionalIndiahasthelargepopulationandrapideconomicdevelopment.RailwayNetworkIndiahasthelargepopulationandrapideconomicdevelopment.Indiahasthegoodprospectofconsumermarket.Indiascoreshighonthisdimension,77,indicatinganappreciationforhierarchyandaTop–DownStructureinsocietyandOrganizations.lPDIScoreComparewithChinaIndia,withascoreof48isasocietywithclearcollectivistictraits.Thismeansthatthereisahighpreferenceforbelongingtoalargersocialframeworkinwhichindividualsareexpectedtoactinaccordancetothegreatergoodofone’sdefinedin-group(s).IDVScoreComparewithChinaIndiascores56onthisdimensionandisthusconsideredamasculinesociety.Eventhoughitismildyabovethemidrangeinscore,Indiaisactuallyverymasculineintermsofvisualdisplayofsuccessandpower.MASScoreComparewithChinaIndiascores40onthisdimensionandthushasamediumlowpreferenceforavoidinguncertainty.InIndiathereisacceptanceofimperfection;nothinghastobeperfectnorhastogoexactlyasplanned.UAIScoreComparewithChinaTheIndiansscore61,makingitalongterm,pragmaticculture.InIndiatheconceptof“karma”dominatesreligiousandphilosophicalthought.Timeisnotlinear,andthusnotasimportantastowesternsocietieswhichtypicallyscorelowonthisdimension.LTOScoreComparewithChinaThankyou!IndiaClaireLu,LucyLu,EmilySun,CoralPei.