易发生价格竞争的产业特征及企业策略

3(210093):,6,,,:3,(2000),,,,,(NIO),,(),,,Kmart2002122(,,,,),;,,,,,,,,JosephBertrand(1883),,Bertrand(JeffreyChurch,2000)Bertrand(1999)Brander&Krugman,;(2001),(2001),,(),,RobertPorter(1983)Rotemberg(1986),,64:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),,,:,,,,(Shepherd,19901997),,,(,1982),(B),(D)(L)(C)(S)(E)(P),:B=f(D,L,C,S,E,P)1:,,,,,(PhilipKotler,1997):,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Bertrandp(Q)=a-bQ,,TCi(qi)=ciqi,Q=q1+q2,i,,,i0(5),,:(1);(2),1,2,,i7420026©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=0ifpia0ifpipja-p2bifpi=pjpaa-pibifpimin{a,pj}i=1,2,ij,(),(c2=c1c)Bertrandpb1=pb2=c,qb1=qb2=(a-c)P2b,(c,c),:pic,0;pic,,pbic,,(pb1,pb2),:(1)pb1pb2c,1pb2p1c,(2)pb1pb2=c,2pb1p2,(3)pb1=pb2c,1p1=pb1-,,1(c,c)BertrandBertrand,,2:,,,,,,,,,;,,,,,,:,(),;,,,,,,,,,,,,4000,,,,15%2%,,,,,,()21,29;,84:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(DigitalProcessingTelevision),(Trident),HDTV,,,,,3:,,:n(i=1,2,n),ixiMCi,p=p(x),x=6ni=1xidxjdxi=xjxi,(ij),01,ji,i,,ii=p(x)xi-Ci(xi)(1)didxi=p(x)+xip(x)dxdxi-MCi=0(2)MCiidxdxi=1+6j=1dxjdxi=1+6jixjxi=1+xxi-1(3)(3)(2),(2)xipxi-x2ipx1+xxi-1-MCixi=0(4)=-dxdppx,n,H=6xix2p-6MCixixp=H(1-)+(5)(5)(xiPx)()H,120001310,465%,510TCL,10%4:,,,1,M(,MES),Q1Q2,AC1AC2,,,,,9420026©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(),198632,1996482,,,,5:,120001310(%)21252934121132212191616112181118101515113TCL1215TCL13181217111048181017TCL1210TCL101014601764175913521256164513619913661615114137187319317412714831831131861893112183165151031072175310419:http:PP2031931311250,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()(,1999),05:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(19801985)(19861989),11330,,,,,1000(,1999)6:,,,,,,,,,,,,60170,,2000,,,,,,,:(),,,,,(,)2000620,(),:,,,9,,,,,20%,,,,,1520026©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.():,,,,11,,(1),,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,(2)292529,29,,77121%,19155%,,,,,,,,,,21,,,,(,1988):,2C2,21CL1CH1(CL1CH1)x,1-x,,,Di(pi,pj)=a-bpi+dpj(i=1,2;j=2,1)0db(,,db),(strategiccomplements),pipj,d01Ce1=xCL1+(1-x)CH1i(pi,pj)=(pi-Ci)(a-bpi+dpj),2p2=p32,1,a-2bp1+dp32+bC1=0p31=a+bp32+bC12b(1)25:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.=xpL1+(1-x)pH1=xa+dp32+bCL12b+(1-x)a+dp32+bCH12b(2)2,,p2e2e2=(p2-C2)(a-bp2+dpe1),p32=a+dpe1+bC22b(3)(2),(3)p32=2ab+2b2C2+ad+bdCe14b2-d2(4)(4)2p321Ce12,RL1,Re1,RH1R212,1Re1,Re1R2,A(pe1,p32)21,B,1,C,1,,12CA,,,,,31,,,(,2002),,,,,,IntelCPU,CPU,AMD,,,,,,11,,,,:()21,,31:,,,,,3520026©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.::,1,2000:,[]R.G.,1982:,1997,1996:,,1999:,3,2001:,,2000:,8[],1988:,,,1997,2001:,1,2001:,1,1999:,6Bertrand,1883,ReviewofWalrassTheoriemathematiquedelarichessesocialeandCournotsRacherchessurlesprincipesmathematiquesdelatheoriedesrichessesinJounaldesSavants.JeffreyChurchKogerWare,2000,IndustrialOrganization:AStrategicApproach..ChaimFershtman,ArielPakes,1999,ADynamicOligopolywithCollusionandPriceWars.NBERWorkingPaperNo.W69361http:PP(:)(:)(37)Berger,A.N.,Miller,N.H.,Petersen,M.A.,Rajan,R.G.,Stein,J.C.,2001,DoesFunctionFollowOrganizationalForm?EvidencefromtheLendingPracticesofLargeandSmallBanks,BoardofGovernorsofFederalReserveSystemWorkingPaper.Berger,A.,Saunders,A.,Scalise,J.,Udell,G.,1998,TheEffectsofBankMergersandAcquisitionsonSmallBusinessLending,JournalofFinancialEconomics,50,187229.DeYoung,R.,Spong,K.,Sullivan,R.,2000,WhosMindingtheStore?MotivatingandMonitoringHiredManagersatSmall,CloselyHeldCommercialBanks,JournalofBankingandFinance,25,12091243.Harhoff,D.,K?rting,T.,1998,LendingRelationshipsinGermany:EmpiricalEvidencefromSurveyData,JournalofBankingandFi2nance,22,13171353.Levonian,M.,Soller,J.,1995,SmallBank,SmallLoans,SmallBusiness,FederalReserveBankofSanFranciscoWorkingPaper.Strahan,P.E.,Weston,J.P.,1998,SmallBusinessLendingandtheChangingStructureoftheBankingIndustry,JournalofBankingandFinance,22,821845.(:)(:)45:©1994-2009ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(SchoolofBusiness,NanjingUniversity)Pricecompetitionhasbecomeacommonstrategicbehavioroffirmsinourcountry.SelectingthecolorTVmanufacturingindustryforcasestudy,theauth