高三英语复习资料 语法、写作

定语从句Whatare“AttributiveClauses”?定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。担任定语功能的句子称为“定语从句”。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。定语从句是由先行词、关系代词或关系副词构成的。被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词通常有三个作用：a.连接主从句关系词：b.替代先行词c.在定语从句中充当句子成分AntecedentRelativesFunctionPeoplesubject(主)object（宾）objectattribute（定）ThingssubjectobjectobjectattributeTimeadverbial（状）PlaceadverbialReasonadverbialwho/that(who/whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whenwherewhywhoseprep+whomprep+which1.指人时，引导限制性定语从句，who,that都可以使用。但先行词是anyone,he,those时，一般用whoGodhelpsthose____helpthemselves.Anyone____wishestogotothemuseummustbeatthegateby7:50a.m.He_____neverreachestheGreatWallisnotatrueman.背诵句子whowhowho2.who和whom都可以作从句的宾语,但从句中的介词提前时,则不能用who.Yourparentsarethepersonsto______youcanturnforhelpwhenyoumeetwithdifficulties.＝…thepersonswho/whomyoucanturntoforhelp.whom3.先行词是物时,在限制性定语从句中,that和which一般可以互换使用,但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般只用that(略)(2)下列场合不能使用that:a.在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom,指物时使用which)。Theboybroughtinastranger,_____wasbadlyhurt.HefailedintheEnglishexam,_____madehisfatherveryangry.指代主句whowhichb.在“介词+关系代词”结构中，(指人时用whom，指物时用which)。Thisistheteacherfrom______we’velearnedalot.Thisisthereasonfor_____(=why)Icametohelpyou.Ihavemanyfriends,________somearebusinessmen.ofwhomwhomwhich4.whose引导定语从句，既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。他们去帮助那位老人，他的车抛锚了。Theywenttohelptheoldmanwhosecarhadbrokendown.能给我那本封皮是蓝色的书看一下吗？Wouldyoupleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisblue?1.Alecaskedthepoliceman__________heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.2.Wecametoaplace_________theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.3.Heoftenhelpsthestudents______hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.withwhomtowhichwho4.Governmentreports,examinations,compositions,legaldocumentsandmostlettersarethemainsituations________formallanguageisused.5.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.inwhich/whereofwhich5.当先行词指时间、地点、原因(thereason)时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when,where,why;如果关系词在从句中作主语、宾语，用which或that.Doyouknowthereason_____hewaslateforschool?Doyouknowthereason_____heexplainedtohisteacher?作从句的状语作从句的宾语whythat6.当先行词是theway,并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，既可以用that也可以用inwhich，它们又都可以省略。Pleasetellmetheway(that/inwhich)yousolvedtheproblem.Youcanseethewayhismindworkswhenyoureadhisbooks.1.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.2.Haveyouaskedherforthereason_____mayexplainherabsence?3.Thehostess_________housewearelivingtriedtomakeuslivecomfortably.whenthatinwhose7.关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以单独引导定语从句，又可与主语中的thesame或such相呼应。Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,_____wasnatural.Wedothesamework_____they(do).Ihopetogetsuchadictionary_____heisusing.asasas/whichas或which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，which所引导的指的是前面整个句子，which本身无意义；而as则有意义，而且还可以位于句首。TheBeatles,____manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.Nowadayshousesaresoldatsuchhighprices___peoplehaveneverexpected.asas1.Itrainedhardyesterday,_____preventedusfromgoingtothepark.2.____ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolisincreasing.3.Chongqingisnotthesamecity_____wehaveseeninothercountries.4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,_______personallyIdoubtverymuch.whichAswhichas定语从句与易混句型巧区分填上一个恰当的词，使句子完整与正确。1.定语从句与并列句1).MrLihasthreedaughters,noneof______isanengineer.2).MrLihasthreedaughters,butnoneof_______isadancer.3).MrLihasthreedaughters;_______aredoctors.whomthemnone/they2.定语从句与地点状语从句1）Ricedoesn’tgrowwell_____thereisnotenoughwater.2)Istillrememberthefarm_____myparentsworkedtenyearsago.对比下面两个句子：Heleftthekey_____ithadbeenanhourago.Helefttheplace______helivedformanyyears.whereonwhichwhere/wherewhere３.定语从句与习惯句型1).ItisonthemorningofMay1st_____ImetJohnattheairport.2).Itisthefactory_______Johnworks.1).Itisthefirsttime______shehasbeeninShanghai.2).Itwasthetime_______Chinesepeoplehadahardlife.thatthatwhenwhere4.定语从句与结果状语从句1).Ihavethesamecomputer_____youhave.2).Sheissuchakindgirl______allofusliketomakefriendswithher.Itissuchagoodplace_____everybodywantstovisit./_____itiswell-knownallovertheworld.asthatasthat5.定语从句与名词从句1.Thenews______camefromthefrontwastrue.2.Thenews______hewonthegamewastrue.3.Shewasnot______sheusedtobe.4.Thecityisnolongeraplace_____itusedtobe.5._____isknowntousall,paperwasfirstmadeinChina.6._____isknowntousallthatpaperwasfirstmadeinChina.thatthatthatwhatAsItMoretips:TheeasiestwayisthroughPayPal,anonlinepaymentsystem_____takesmoneyawayfromyourcreditcard.Chapin,______moneywasnownoproblem,startedanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.forwhomthat/whichManypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes________peoplewereeatenbythetiger.Animals’abilitytoactreasonablyisbelievedtocomepartlyfrom_____wemaycall“geneticlearning”,____isdifferentfromtheindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecourseofitsownlifetime.inwhichwhatwhich语法填空：Whatshouldyoudotomakeyourdogbehaveasyouwantitto?Thefirstbasiccommand_____yourdogshouldlearnisthecommandtosit.Byallowingthis____(be)thefirstbasicwordwewillwriteonthedog’s“chalkboardmind”.Inotherwords,atthisageyourdog’smindislikeasheetofpaperon_____therearenottoomuchwrittenthingsyet.Theth