关于公允价值会计的研究——面向财务会计的本质特征

(361005)(50),,,,,(),(,),2007,,,,,,,,,,,,()?2008(financialinstitutions)(LehmanBrotherHoldingsInc.)(Lehman)(MerrillLynch&Co1Inc.)(MerrillLynch)11,FAS157,,,(mark-to-marketaccounting),,,,,(writedowns),,(6FESA(2008),),:,,,!,,FAS157,2008(TheEmergencyEco2nomicStabilizationActof2008)133:SEC90,,FAS1572008,SEC(2008)133:(ReportandRecommendationsPursuanttoSection133oftheEmergencyEconomicStabilizationActof2008:StudyonMark-to-MarketAccounting)248(211,37),:;;2008();;;;4()FAS157FASBGAAP,,SEC,(Therootcausesofthecrisis)(poorlendingdecisions)(inadequateriskmanagement)(supervisionandregulation)(shortcomings),(),FAS157SEC:FAS157,(messenger),,FAS157,(shootingthemessenger),(Trueeconomiccondition)!?:,,FASBFAS133,,,,,,(recognition)FAS157,[16,Fairvalueatinitialrecognition(),17:,(transactionprice)(exitprice),(,),FAS157(apuremeasurementstandard),1617,,],,SEC,,,,!,(financialreporting)(),,,,,,7()(),,,,,(financialstatements),,SECstudyonthemark-to-marketaccounting,,2008FAS157,()SEC(),50(SEC(From10-K,10-KSB;From10-Q,10-QSB)),,:FAS157(bankfailure)SEC50,:,,2008(200811FAS157FAS159)45%,45%45%,()25%,20%[FAS130,],45%50,750%75%,775%,10%,,,5%51%,39%65%,12,26%85%,1050%,:,?,75%,,,,,15%,46%,;05%,20081,15%,,(),()53%,,84%,,11%,FAS157,50,70%,,5%,FAS130,:2008(OtherComprehensiveIncome,OCI)1050;OCI10100;100,OCI390,250,2008,OCI(,),8,2008,9%10%;5%6%,,,SEC,:,,,,,,SEC1()50%(1,):1.12.==201001+1001=10%A2008331:A()100180B()10020200200A2008630:A()100180B()8111811811A630,,A(intrading)19%,19(10019%),B811,1181=515,A(),()B,:[,(available-for-sell)]19%,,FAS130(re2portingcomprehensiveincome,RCI),(CIS),(),OCI,,1,,(,),,19%,,SEC,,9,2008,,()?,,,,,,,,,FAS157!,(),,:,,,,,,,,(,,,,),,,,()1971,AICPAGAAPAPB(),,APB4,:,(APBstatementNo14,1970,par141):(par133)?,,(),(par134),,,,:,,:,(,,,+,)(par135)APB4,():()()(),,,,,,?:,(mark-to-market);,(),(estimate)(revaluationorsubsequencemeasurement),01,,(,,,,,),,(),(),,,()()(2,B,,):2B2()B,;,,,B,,50,,:,,,,,2008,,,[(Fresh-startmeasurement),331200300630150200](50100)(11):,,?!,(),,(),,,?,,(),,(),,()(),()![:,,,(),(),],,(),,,,?:;,,[,()],,();,,(),,(,,)APB,,(APBstatementNo14,1970,par135),,,,:,,,,,(),;,,(),,,,,,,,,,,,21,(),,,,,,,,,,!,:,;;,,()(,),,,,,?1978,FASB(currentcost)(constantdollars),(financialreporting):(notes)(otherfinancialreporting)(dis2closure)(recognition)(presentation),,;(),,,,,;()()FASB715:(haveessen2tiallythesameobjectives),(someusefulinformationisbetterprovid2edbyfinancials),,(someisbetterprovidedorcanonlybeprovidedbymeansoffinancialreportingotherthanfinancialstatements),,()(,)SEC.2008.StudyonMark-to-marketAccountingFASB.FAS157FASB.FAS157-3IASB.IAS39(IASB.IFRS.2008)31,FAS157,FAS115133,IASBIAS39,,EnglishAbstractsofMainPapersStudyonFairValueAccountingontheessentialcharacteristicsoffinancialaccountingGeJiashuThispaperdiscussesfairvalueaccountingfromtwoperspectives.Itevaluatestheapplicationoffairvalueaccounting,firstlyonthelevelofexperientialdatafromsamplesoffiftyfinancialinstitutions,andsecondlyontheleveloffinancialaccountingtheories.Fairvaluemeasurementisusefulforfinancialac2counting,butfairvalueaccountingwhichcombinesfairvaluemeasurementandverificationisinsignificant,asfiguresinfinancialstatementswillbedistort2edwhenestimatedfiguresareverifiedinasset,liabilities,equitiesandreturns.Theinformationofhistoricalcostmeasurementisbetterprovidedbyfinan2cialstatements.However,theinformationoffairvaluemeasurementisbetterprovidedorcanonlybeprovidedbynotesorotherfinancialstatements.FinancialstabilityandoptimizationofFairValueAccounting:ADynamicProvisionPerspectiveXuShengToexaminetherelationshipbetweenvaluationandpro-cyclicalityandtoidentifysomesolutionstotheperverseinteractionofthetwo,thearticlediscussestheadvantagesoffairvalueanditslimitations,stressinginparticularsomeofthemostrelevantoneswhichhaveemergedduringthecurrentfi2nancialturmoil.Inaddition,itputsforwardsomeideasthatmightcontributetoimprovingfairvalue:theuseofdynamicprovisions.Itisarguedthattheycannotonlyimprovefairvalueaccountingbutalsolessenfinancialpro-cyclicality.AccountingStandardsReformandtheDecisionUsefulnessofSubsidiaryEarningsInformationEmpiricalEvidencefromChineseCapitalMarketLuZhengfei&ZhangHuiliTheimplementationofthenewaccountingstandardsfromJanuary1st,2007inChinahaspotentiallyenlargedthedifferencebetweenconsolidatedandparentearnings.Thispaperstudiestheconsequentchangeoftheincrementalinformationcontentsofthisdifferenceconditionalonconsolidatedearn2ings.Wefindthatthedifferenceprovidesnoadditionalinformationforparentinvestorspricingdecisionsbeforethereform,butexhibitssignificantlyim2proveddecisionrelevance,andoffersincrementalinformationcontentconditionalonconsolidatedearningsunderthenewstandards.Ourresultssuggestthat,conditionalonconsolidatedearnings,theretainedsubsidiaryearningscontainedintheconsolidatedbutnotparentearningscouldactuallyprovideincrementalinformation.MarketEffectofAccountingInformationbasedontheAsset-liabilityPerspective:AnEmpiricalStudyBasedonAccountingStandardforBusinessEnterprisesNo.18-IncometaxesofChinaChenLihuaetal.Theproperdefinition,measurementanddisclosureofear