演讲翻译的批评赏析

演讲翻译的欣赏批评Nicole１.演讲（历史，特点，分类等）２.演讲的翻译３.演讲翻译的赏析与批评•１.演讲•演讲的历史•演讲的分类•演讲的特点•演讲的定义：•演讲又叫讲演或演说，是指在公众场所，以有声语言为主要手段，以体态语言（面部表情、手势动作、身体姿态等）为辅助手段，针对某个具体问题，鲜明、完整地发表自己的见解和主张，阐明事理或抒发情感，进行宣传鼓动的一种语言交际活动。•主要形式：•大体有如下四种：•照读式演讲•背诵式演讲•提纲式演讲•即兴式演讲•分类：•介绍型演讲•告知型演讲•劝说型演讲•特殊场合演讲•1、按演讲内容大致分为①政治演讲(包括竞选演说)、就职演说(或称施政演说)、会议辩论、集会演说等;②教育演讲，包括知识讲座、学术报告等;③宗教演讲;④经济演讲、包括商业广告演讲、投标介绍演讲等;⑤军事演讲等。•2、按演讲的目的大致分为①娱乐性演讲;②传授性演讲(或称学术演讲);③说服性演讲;④鼓动性演讲;⑤凭吊性演讲(或称葬礼性演讲)等等。•3、按演讲场所大致分为：①游说性演讲，巡回演讲;②街头演讲;③宫廷演讲;④法庭演讲(或称司法演讲);⑤课堂演讲;⑥教堂演讲;⑦大会演讲;⑧宴会演讲;⑨广播演讲和电视演讲，等等。•演讲的特点：•语言：通俗易懂，形象生动•逻辑：严谨缜密•结构：清晰明了•篇章：安排紧凑，层次分明•修辞：运用丰富（比喻＼对照＼对偶＼层进＼排比＼反复＼头韵等）•Phonologicallevel•Lexicallevel•TextualLevelAlliterationAlliterationistherepetitionofaninitialsound,usuallyaconsonant,intwoormorewordsthatoccurclosetogether.Itisusedtoachievethebeautyofsound.Duringthespeech,itcanimpresstheaudienceandattracttheirattentionbyusingtherepetitionofaninitialconsonantclusterinstressedsyllablesandputtingrelatedwordstogether.InMichelle’saddress,thisapproachhasbeencarriedoutinthefollowingexamples:•Weweresoyoung,soinlove,andsoindebt.•Iwasworriedaboutwhatitwouldmeanforourgirlsifhegotthatchance.•Successisn’tabouthowmuchmoneyyoumake,it’saboutthedifferenceyoumake…Assonance:(半韵)•--Twoormoreneighboringwordshavethesamevowels.E.g.:•1.NATOseemstobeabletomakeorbreaktheworld.•2.Youhavetherighttohireorfire.Consonance:•--Twoormoreneighboringwordshavethesameendinginpronunciation.E.g.:•1.Hehasarealstrokeoflucktohavesuchaconsideratewife.•2.TowinChina’sheartandwallet,UShadtosaysorrytoChinaafteritbombedtheChineseEmbassyinYugoslavia.ParallelconstructionorParallelism:•Definition:•--Parallelingofwords,phrases,sentencesorparagraphs•--thesamegrammaticalstructure•--clarifyingtheideaofthespeakerorstressingthemeaningExample:Nowthetriumphsummonsusagain–notasacalltobeararms,thougharmsweneed;notasacalltobattle,thoughembattledweare;butacalltobeartheburdenofalongtwilightstruggle,yearinandyearout,“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation,“astruggleagainstthecommonenemiesofman:tyranny,poverty,diseaseandwaritself.•--byJohnKennedy(1)Yes,fortherearetimeswhenallpray—forthesafetyoftheirlovedones,thereturnofthebreadwinner,oftheirchampion,oftheirprotector.(2)Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutcelebrationoffreedom,symbolizinganendaswellasbeginning,signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.--byJohnF.Kennedy:InauguralAddress1.Istandheretodayhumbledbythetaskbeforeus,gratefulforthetrustyouhavebestowed,mindfulofthesacrificesbornebyourancestors.2.Rather,ithasbeentherisk-takers,thedoers,themakersofthings.3.Butthosevaluesuponwhichoursuccessdepends--hardworkandhonesty,courageandfairplay,toleranceandcuriosity,loyaltyandpatriotism…4.……havedutiestoourselves,ournationandtheworld;…5.…Startingtoday,wemustpickourselvesup,dustourselvesoff,andbeginagaintheworkofremakingAmerica.•6.…andemergedfromthatdarkchapterstrongerandmoreunited,wecannothelpbutbelievethattheoldhatredsshallsomedaypass;thatthelinesoftribeshallsoondissolve;thatastheworldgrowssmaller,ourcommonhumanityshallrevealitself;andthatAmericamustplayitsroleinusheringinaneweraofpeace.•7.Wewillbuildtheroadsandbridges,theelectricgridsanddigitallinesthatfeedourcommerceandbindustogether.Wewillrestoresciencetoitsrightfulplace,andwieldtechnology'swonderstoraisehealthcare'squalityandloweritscost.Wewillharnessthesunandthewindsandthesoiltofuelourcarsandrunourfactories.Andwewilltransformourschoolsandcollegesanduniversitiestomeetthedemandsofanewage….•8.•TotheMuslimworld,weseekanewwayforward,basedonmutualinterestandmutualrespect.Tothoseleadersaroundtheglobewhoseektosowconflict,orblametheirsociety'sillsontheWest:Knowthatyourpeoplewilljudgeyouonwhatyoucanbuild,notwhatyoudestroy.Tothosewhoclingtopowerthroughcorruptionanddeceitandthesilencingofdissent,knowthatyouareonthewrongsideofhistory;butthatwewillextendahandifyouarewillingtounclenchyourfist.Tothepeopleofpoornations,wepledgetoworkalongsideyoutomakeyourfarmsflourishandletcleanwatersflow;tonourishstarvedbodiesandfeedhungryminds.Andtothosenationslikeoursthatenjoyrelativeplenty,wesaywecannolongeraffordindifferencetosufferingoutsideourborders;norcanweconsumetheworld'sresourceswithoutregardtoeffect.•9.Thisisthepriceandthepromiseofcitizenship.•Thisisthesourceofourconfidence--theknowledgethatGodcallsonustoshapeanuncertaindestiny.•Thisisthemeaningofourlibertyandourcreed…•--ByBarakObama•2.演讲词翻译的原则•完整性：开头、中间及结尾及其铺陈，和格局•清晰性：通俗生动的语言、朴素的语言、形象的语言、幽默的语言或警局•跌宕起伏：有张有弛、有起有伏•灵活性：不走失愿意，力求其易懂•演讲者的历史背景•演讲者的演讲风格•演讲当时的背景•演讲语篇的总体意义•措辞造句•修辞•Example1:Theveryfoundingofthisinstitutionstandsasatestmenttotherestlesscuriosity,theboundlesshopesoessentialnotjottothescienticenterprise,buttotheexperiementwecallAmerica.•Example2:•Federalfundinginthephysicalsciencesasaportionofourgrossdomesticproducthasfallenbynearlyhalfoverthepastquartercentury.•2.语言通畅，逻辑清晰。•Example3:IwasjustinformedbackstagethatRalphandJohnbothare1965graduatesofＭＩＴ--sameclassandsoIamnotsurethistheperfectlyprescribedscientificmethod,buttheyaresortofacontrolgroup--whoagesfaster.ThePresident'sscientificAdvisororthePresidentoftheAcademy?Andwewillchecki