新目标八年级英语(下)现在完成时

现在完成时态presentperfect时态（tense）•不同时间发生的动作，动词要用不同形式。已学习过的时态已学习过的时态名称时间动动词形式一般现在时平时，经常1.v原形2.v+s/es（三单现）一般过去时过去（与现在无关）am/is/are+v-ing一般将来时现在进行时即将，计划正在进行1.will/shall+v原形2.am/is/aregoingto+v原形过去进行时过去某一时间，在进行1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词1.v.2.v+s/es（三单现）am/is/are+v-ing1.will/shall+v.2.am/is/aregoingto+v.1.v-ed（规则动词）2.不规则动词was/were+v-ing判断下列句子的时态•1.Sheworksinafactory.•2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.•3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.•4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.•5.Areyouhelpingyourmother？一般现在时过去进行时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成时动词构成have/has+v过去分词助动词否定haven’thasn’t疑问Haveyou…?Hashe…?1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already,before,yet,never,ever等状语连用。例如：①Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.②Haveyoueverriddenahorse?③Shehasalreadyfinishedthework.④Haveyoumilkedthecowyet?Yes,Ihavedonethatalready.⑤I’vejustlostmymathbook.present(now)futurePast现在完成时(presentperfecttense)learnEnglish2.现在完成时表示过去开始动作或状态一直持续到现在,而且有可能持续下去。有延续的时间状语如for、since等动词要用延续性的）一段时间的表达方法有两种:for:+一段时间forayearfortwoweeksforthreeyears过去的某一时刻,sinceninesincelastweek一般过去时态的时间状语从句sinceyoucamesinceyougothome.注意:for和since所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.Hehasbeenawayforoneweek.对划线部分提问都用HowlongSince用for或since填空1.Mr.BrownhashadhisTV________15years.2.I’vetakendrivinglessons_________lastmonth.3.Mysisterhashadhercellphone________amonth.4.Myfriendshaven’tvisitedme___________mybirthday.5.Wehaven’tusedourcar________alongtime.6.Shehasn’thadagoodcupofcoffee_________years.7.Tomhaswornglasses_________hewas7yearsold.forsinceforsinceforforsince瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“Hehasleft.”但不能说“Hehasleftforthreeyears.”如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：一、用ago,使用一般过去时。Heleftherethreeyearsago.二、用“Itis+一段时间＋since＋一般过去时从句”Itisthreeyearssincehelefthere.三、用“一段时间＋haspassed+since+一般过去时从句”Threeyearshaspassedsincehelefthere.瞬间动词与延续的动词转化1.直接转化成延续性动词buycatch(get)acoldborrowcome/go/becomehavehaveacoldkeepbe四、Hehasbeenawayfromhereforthreeyears.五、Hehasbeenawayfromheresincethreeyearsago.将结束性动词转成延续性动词2.转换成be+名词jointhearmyjointhePartygotoschoolbeasoldierbeaPartymemberbeastudent3转换成be+形容词或副词diefinishbeginleavefallsleepcloseopenbedeadbeoverbeonbeawaybeasleepbeclosedbeopen4.转换成be+介词短语gotoschooljointhearmy①.我们买这本书三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.②他感冒三天了.Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句beinschoolbeinthearmy③自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.Ihavekeptthebooksincelastweek.④我成为一个学生两年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebooklastweek.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.⑤MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.⑥小明参军半年了。XiaoMinghasbeenasoldierforhalfayear.XiaoMingjoinedthearmyhalfayearago.⑦我们上了8年学了。Wehavebeenstudentsforeightyears.⑧下课10分钟了Theclasshasbeenoverfortenminutes.9.电影开始了一小时了Thefilmhasbeenonforanhour.判断正误Ihaveboughtthispenfortwomonths.Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyou_____thispen.hadTheteacherhasleftforhalfanhour.Theteacherhasbeenawayforhalfanhour.改错:•Howlonghaveyoubecomealeaguemember？Formorethanoneyear.•Haveyouarrivedheresincelastnight?Yes，you’reright.•HehasgonetoShanghaitwice.•Howlonghaveyoubeenatthisschool?Sincetwoyears.beenbeenbeenagoFor翻译.(English===Chinese)finish,homeworkIhavefinishedmyhomework.Hehasfinishedhishomework.haven’tHasheYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.1.翻译这两句话；2.第一句变成否定句；3.第二句变成一般疑问句并回答。？1.她成为一名护士已经三年了。2.我五年前就认识李雷了。3.那些相片我已经寄给他了。（post）4.我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。5.我刚丢了我的历史书。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.know,knew,knownteach,taught,taughtlose,lost,lostChinese==English三个重要句式★have/hasbeen(to)“曾经去过某地”，说话时此人不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。★have/hasgone(to)“已经去某地了”，说话时此人可能在路上或已到那里，不在这里。试比较：HehasbeentoBeijing.他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）HehasgonetoBeijing.他已经去北京了。（人已走，不在这儿）。★去一段时间用have/hasbeeninHehasbeenintheUSAfor3years.选择been,gone填空.1.Jimisonholiday.Hehas________toItaly.2.Hello!Ihavejust________totheshops.Ihaveboughtlotsofthings.3.Aliceisnothereatthemoment.Shehas________totheshoptogetanewspaper.4.Tomhas_______out.Hewillbebackinaboutanhour.5.“Areyougoingtothebank?”“No,Ihavealready________there.”6.HewenttotheUSAlastyear.Hehas___thereforayear.gonebeengonegonebeenbeen一般过去时与现在完成时之比较•1）一般过去时单纯叙述过去的事情有明确的过去时间状语。而现在完成时强调的是现在的情况，不能和过去时间连用，when开头的问句没有现在完成时。•2）现在完成时可以跟表示包括现在在内的时间状语连用。•now,today,thismorning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年)•inthepastfewyears(在过去的几年中)•duringthelast10years(在过去10年中）•recently(最近)sofar(到目前为止)•uptonow(到目前为止)()1.You’veneverseensuchawonderfulfilmbefore,_______?A.haven’tyouB.haveyouC.doyouD.don’tyou()2.—Ihavewatchedthegame.—When____you____it?A.have;watchedB.do;watchC.did;watchD.will;watch()3.Mr.Green____inChinasincefiveyearsago.A.livedB.haslivedC.livesD.isgoingtolive()4.Hisgrandma______fortwoyears.A.diedB.hasdiedC.wasdeadD.hasbeendeadBCBD()5.–WhereisHanMeinow?－She____toShanghai.Shewillbebackintwodays.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.goesD.hadgone()6.－_____you____totheUnitedStated?－No,never,butIwenttoCanadaafewyearsagoA.Have;beenB.Have;goneC.Did;goD.Do;go()7.Youhaven’tchangedyourmind,_______?A.doyouB