洗钱罪的上游犯罪问题研究

I摘要洗钱罪出现的时间不长，但随着毒品犯罪、黑社会性质犯罪、金融犯罪等犯罪的猖獗，犯罪行为人迫切需要隐匿非法所得的来源，将黑钱洗白用以继续支撑其犯罪活动，洗钱犯罪得以迅速发展，成为国际化的严重犯罪行为。而洗钱罪的上游犯罪就是能够产生需要清洗的非法收益的法定犯罪行为，我国《刑法》及《刑法修正案》对洗钱罪的上游犯罪作了规定，包括毒品犯罪、黑社会性质的组织犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪、走私犯罪、贪污贿赂犯罪、破坏金融管理秩序犯罪和金融诈骗犯罪等七类。洗钱罪严重破坏了国际金融管理制度，扰乱的正常的金融秩序，而上游犯罪和洗钱罪联系密切，严重影响社会的安定。本文通过对洗钱罪上游犯罪范围的描述，借鉴国际立法现状，与我国立法现状做对比分析，明确洗钱犯罪上游犯罪的问题并提出粗浅的建议。关键词：洗钱；上游犯罪；立法现状；建议IIAbstractMoneylaunderingcrimetimeisnotlong,butwithrampantdrug-relatedcrimes,underworldnaturecrimes,financialcrimes,suchascrime,theperpetratorurgentneedtoconcealtheillegalincomesources,themoneylaunderingusedtocontinuetosupporttheircriminalactivities,thecrimeofmoneylaunderingisabletodevelopquickly,becomeaninternationalseriouscrime.AndmoneylaunderingcrimeupstreamcrimeisneedtocleantheillegalincomeofstatutorycrimeandChina'scriminallawandcriminallawamendmentupstreamcrimesofthecrimeofmoneylaunderingprovisions,includingdrug-relatedcrimes,underworldoforganizedcrime,terrorcrime,smugglingcrime,corruptionbriberycrime,destructionofthefinancialmanagementorder,crimeandthecrimeoffinancialfraud,etc.sevencategories.Thecrimeofmoneylaunderinghasseriouslydamagedtheinternationalfinancialmanagementsystem,disruptingthenormalfinancialorder,whiletheupstreamcrimeandmoneylaunderingrelatedclosely,seriouslyaffectthestabilityofsociety.Thisarticlethroughthedescriptionofthescopeofthecrimeofmoneylaundering,drawonthecurrentsituationofinternationallegislation,andthestatusquoofChina'slegislationtodoacomparativeanalysisofthecrimeofmoneylaunderingintheupperreachesoftheproblemandputforwardsomesuperficialsuggestions.Keywords:moneylaundering;upstreamcrime;legislativestatus;suggestion目录摘要.................................................................................................................................IAbstract.........................................................................................................................II引言................................................................................................................................4一、洗钱罪的上游犯罪概述........................................................................................1（一）洗钱罪及其上游犯罪............................................................11.洗钱罪.........................................................................................................12.洗钱罪的上游犯罪.....................................................................................1（二）我国洗钱罪上游犯罪的范围....................................................................11.毒品犯罪.....................................................................................................22.黑社会性质的组织犯罪.............................................................................23.恐怖活动罪.................................................................................................24.走私犯罪.....................................................................................................35.贪污贿赂犯罪.............................................................................................36.破坏金融管理秩序犯罪.............................................................................37.金融诈骗犯罪.............................................................................................4二、洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法现状................................................................................4（一）国际上对洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法现状....................................................41.国际组织对洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法现状.................................................42.有关国家对洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法现状.................................................5（二）我国洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法现状............................................................6（三）洗钱罪之上游犯罪立法的比较分析........................................................7三、我国洗钱罪上游犯罪中的问题............................................................................7（一）上游犯罪的主体能否成为洗钱罪主体....................................................71.否定说.........................................................................................................72.肯定说.........................................................................................................8（二）管辖权是否以我国拥有为限....................................................................9四、我国洗钱罪上游犯罪的立法完善建议..............................................................10（一）增加上游犯罪主体为洗钱罪主体..........................................................10（二）明确上游犯罪域外管辖权......................................................................10参考文献......................................................................................................................12致谢..............................................................................................................................131洗钱罪的上游犯罪问题研究洗钱是一种严重破坏国家金融管理制度的犯罪，不仅破坏正常的金融秩序而且威胁金融体系的安全稳定。此外，洗钱与其他重刑犯罪联系密切，没有犯罪就没有洗钱，诸如毒品犯罪、黑社会性质犯罪、恐怖活动犯罪等严重危害社会安全和稳定的犯罪都与洗钱犯罪有着脱不开的关系。随着洗钱犯罪的国际化态势越来越严重，各国纷纷加大了对洗钱犯罪的打击力度。我国在1997年新《刑法》增设了洗钱罪，后又经过多次修改，对洗钱罪的上游犯罪的范围不断扩充，迄今为止我国洗钱犯罪上游犯罪共包括七种罪名。一、洗钱罪的上游犯罪概述（一）洗钱罪及其上游犯罪1.洗钱罪“洗钱”这个词出现的时间并不长，最早出现在美国“水门”事件中，美国总统尼克松的竞选团队将带有的贿赂性质的竞选经费洗白成合法政治捐款，事件曝光后，“洗钱”一次出现在公众的视野中。洗钱出现的时间不长，但随着毒品犯罪、黑社会性质犯罪、金融犯罪等犯罪的