膜蒸馏技术的应用和发展

a膜蒸馏技术的应用和发展1,2(1,315016;2,324020):膜蒸馏是20世纪八十年代才引起人们重视的新型膜分离技术。本文主要对膜蒸馏的过程机理、影响因素、用膜材料进行了讨论,同时介绍了膜蒸馏在海水淡化、水溶液的分离与浓缩、工业废水的治理等中的应用,并在此基础上提出了膜蒸馏的发展方向。:膜蒸馏;机理;影响因素;应用:TQ028:B:1005-8265(2001)02-0016-04(MD),60,80,,,,,,;,(1000m2/m3);,,,,,1,(),(),,,,,:(1);(2),,:(DCMD)(AGMD)(SGMD)(VMD)2MD,-,,MD(PTFE)(PVDF)(PP)PVDF:MD,,3,,DCMD,,DCMD3.1DCMD(1,)1(1),dN=k(c-cm)dA;(2),,,Pmn=f(cm,16Filtration&Separation2001Vol.11No.2a:2001-02-06:(1963-),,,,:0574-7154310.Tm);(3),dN=EDc(Pmn-Pmc)dARTADS;(4),,Pmc=f(tm):N=KmPKm=C2EQw8DQsL3.2DCMD(1),dQ=Ah(T-Tm)dA;(2);(3);(4);(5),dQ=Ac(tm-t)dA(2)(4),(3),(Qc):dQc=Km(Tm-tm)DdA;(Qe):dQe=HvJdA4MD4.1:,(),,224.2:(),,MD:,0.21.0Lm,0.20.4LmP*(P*=2CcosHR),,A:A=x2(1-x1)x1(1-x2)()MD,:(1),,(2),(3),,,MD,(4)(5),,,,;(6),,,,R.W.Schofield,,VMD,(),MDMD(30)%),E:E=QeQ=QeQe+Qc=11+ZZ=QcQe=RTK%TEDHv%PQe:,Qe=EDAHv%PRTmDQc:,Qc=KA%TDZZ¹,,Z,(D)(K),ºZ,TZ,,D,,»,PZE,172001Vol.11No.2Filtration&Separation,,,,,5,,,MD,,MDMD(1)60findleyHauteHen-deryckx1964WeylDCMD,,(1kg/m2h),1982GoreGore-Tex,,,80,N.kjellanderHono,,90,25t10t,,(2),,,,,,(3),NaClNa2SO4,95.1%98.8%,125140l/dm2,500,,,,MD,,1.8,85%,,MD,,,BanatAGMD(4),,5000Lg/mL50Lg/mL,95%,98%,5mg/L,VMDDytnerskyZakvzewsMD,(5)-,-,1.93UdriotetMD,-,-,MD66.1,,MD75kg/m2h,MDRO;,30%,;DCMDMD,,PTFEPVDF6.2,:(1),,MD(2)MDMD18Filtration&Separation2001Vol.11No.2,,(3)MD,MD,MD,(4)MD,,MD,MD(5)MD,,(6)MD,,,,,,,,T、t—分别为热侧和冷侧流体的主体温度,℃Tm、tm—分别为热侧膜面和冷侧膜面的温度,℃Ta—膜平均温度,℃Pmn、Pmc—分别为Tm下溶液的饱和水蒸气压和tm下水的饱和蒸汽压,kPaC、Cm—分别为热侧溶液中水的主体浓度和热侧膜面处水的浓度,mol·m-3N—传质速率,mol·m-2·sDc—有效扩散系统,m2·h-3k—热侧传质系数,m-1·s-1K—总传质系数,mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1A-为膜面面积,m2△P—膜两侧水蒸气压力差,PaQs、Qw—分别为膜上下游水蒸气蒸发热和冷凝热,kJC、E、D、S—分别为膜的孔半径(m)、膜的孔隙率、膜厚(m)和曲折因子L—水蒸汽粘度,Pa·sK—膜的导热系数,kJ·m-1·K-1·h-1Ah、Ac—分别为热侧和冷侧的传热系数,w·m-2·℃-1R—气体常数,J·mol-1·K-1A—分离因子x1—热侧易挥发组分的平均质量百分数x2—冷侧冷凝液中易挥发组分的质量百分数Qc—通过膜的传导热,kJQe—扩散通过膜的水汽的汽化潜热,kJHv—冷热侧平均温度下水的蒸发潜热,kJJ—水通量,mol·m-2·s-1;周明生(0791-3701060)ApplicationandDevelopmentofMembraneDistillationTechniqueZHANGYa-jing1,WUXue-mei2(1NingbocollegechemicalEngineeringDepartment.Ningbo315016,China;2ChemicalEngineeringDepartmentofZhesibranchandZhejiangUniversityofTechnology,Quzhou324020,China)Abstrad:Membranedistillationisanewseparationtechniqueattachedimportancetoin1980.Thepaperdiscussesthemechanismofmembranedistillationprocess,influencefactors,mem-branemodulesandmaterials,andintroducestheapplicationofmdmbranedistillationinde-salinationofseawater,separationandconcentrationofsolution,dispositionofwastewaterandsoon.Studydirectionofmembranedistillationissuggestedattheendofpaper.Keywords;membranedistillation;mechanismofprocess;influencefactor;application192001Vol.11No.2Filtration&Separation