A comparison between British and Chinese Education

山东农业大学英美文化课程论文题目：AComparisonbetweenBritishandChineseEducationalsystem姓名：学号：班级：1AcomparisonbetweenBritishandChineseEducationalsystemsAbstract:Inmodernsociety,moreandmorecountriesareawareoftheimportanceofeducationplayingintheprocessofdevelopment.Theyattachmoreattentiontoimprovingdomesticeducationinordertocultivatesatisfyingtalentsmore.Inthetermsofthissituation,thisarticlewillintroduceabjectlyacomparisonbetweenBritishandChineseeducationalSystemswithhopingwecanlearnalotviathiscomparison.Keywords:BritisheducationalsystemChineseeducationalsystemcomparisonsimilaritiesdifferences摘要：现代社会，越来越多的国家意识到教育在发展中所起的重要作用，并且更加注重教育的改革已培养优秀的人才。鉴于这种情况，此文章将客观的对中英教育体制进行对比研究，探究两种教育制度的相同点与不同点，并期望在相互学习中，我们能在教育改革中得到一些启示。关键字：英国教育体制中国教育体制对比相同点不同点1.IntroductionTherearemanydifferencesbetweenBritishandChineseeducationalsystemsbecauseofdifferentcultures.Atthesametime,theyhavestillsomesimilaritiesinsomeaspects.Inordertolearnmoreaboutthem,thisessayisdividedintofourparts.ThefirstpartistointroduceBritisheducationalsystemroughly,andthefollowingpartistheintroductionofChineseeducationalsystem.Onthebaseofthesetwoparts,thelasttwopartsbegintocomparetwosystemscoveringsimilaritiesanddifferences.Moreover,theessaychoosessomeaspectstocompare,suchascategorieswiththeeducationalsystem,examination,thefreedomoftheschoolandsoon..2.BritishEducationalSystem2.1BriefintroductionEducationinBritainiscarriedoutinthreemainstages:primaryeducation,secondaryeducation,andhighereducation.Allchildrenmust,bylaw,receivefull-timeeducationbetweentheagesoffiveandsixteen.2.2TherearetwoparallelschoolsystemsintheUK2.2.1Thestatesystem,whereeducationisprovidedfree.Stateeducationisintwomainstages:primaryeducationandsecondaryeducation.Primaryeducationisdividedintothreecategories:nurseryschool,infantschool,andjuniorschools.Secondaryeducationtakesplaceinvarietyofschools:grammarschools,secondarymodernschools,technicalschoolsandcomprehensiveschools.Inaddition,variationsofthecomprehensivesystemhavebeenintroduced：firstschools,middleschoolsandsecondaryorhighschools.2.2.2Theindependentsystem,whereparentsnormallypayfees.2Independentschools,fee-payinginstitutions,arenotnumericallyimportantasnon-fee-payingstateschools;theyhave,however,animmenseinfluenceonBritisheducationasawhole.Independentschoolsprovidepupilswithtwostagesofeducation,mainlyinprepschoolsandpublicschools.Publicschoolsarethebestknownofindependentschools.Theseschoolsarethemostexpensiveoftheindependentschools.Theyarewellknownfortheirhousesystemandperfectsystem.2.3UniversitiesinBritainUniversitiesinBritaincanroughlydividedintothreegroups：Oxbridge,redbrick,andnow..UniversitiesinBritainareformerlyrestrictedtotherich.Theyarenowopentoallintelligentyoungpeople,bothmaleandfemale.Thankstotheavailabilityofthemanyscholarshipsawardedbothbythestateandbylocalauthorities,studentswhoreceivefurtherfulltimeeducationaftertheageofeighteenandwhoseparentscannotaffordtopayfortheirchildren’educationatuniversitycanreceiveagranttocovermostoftheirfeesandlivingexpenses,withtherestbeingpaidbytheirparents.TheOpenUniversityisarecentinnovation,whichprovideschancesforpeopleofallagesandtowhichentryismuchlessrestricted.2.4ExaminationsExaminationsareimportant.Thoughnotthemainpurposeofeducation,theyarerequiredforqualificationforahigherlevelofeducation.Undertheoldselectivesystem,pupilstakeanexaminationcalledthe“eleven-plus”intheirlastyearatprimaryschoolwhentheyare11yearsold.Theresultsofthisexaminationdeterminewhethertheywillgotoagrammarschool,atechnicalschool,orasecondarymodernschool.Forsecondaryschoolingstudents,theyarerepresentedbythethreemaincertificates:theCertificateofSecondaryEducation(CSE),theGeneralCertificateofEducationatOrdinaryLevel(GCE“O”Level),andtheGeneralCertificateofEducationatAdvancedLevel(GCE“A”Level).3.Chineseeducationalsystem3.1BriefintroductionInchina,itisconvenienttodividededucationinchinaintofourcategories:primaryeducation,secondaryeducation,highereducation,andadulteducation.ChinahasaCompulsoryEducationLaw.TheCompulsoryEducationLawcallsforeachchildtohavenineyearsofformaleducation.Tomeetthisrequirement,achildwillattendeitherfiveyearsofelementaryeducationfollowedbythreeyearsofjuniormiddleschool.Todayinchina,thefirstsystem,“5-4”,isvirtuallynoexisted;thesecondsystem,“6-3”,isfarmorecommon.3.2categorieswiththeeducationsystem3.2.1Primaryeducation3Primaryeducationincludespreschoolandelementaryeducation.Preschool,orkindergarten,canlastuptothreeyears,withchildrenenteringasearlyasagethree,untilagesix,whentheytypicallyenterelementaryschool.3.2.2SecondaryeducationSecondaryeducationisdividedintoacademicsecondaryeducationandspecialized/vocational/technicalsecondaryeducation.Academicsecondaryeducationisdeliveredbyacademicloweranduppermiddleschools.Lowermiddleschoolgraduateswishingtocontinuetheireducationtakealocallyadministeredentranceexam,onthebasisofwhichtheywillhavetheoptioneitherofcontinuinginanacademicuppermiddleschoolorofenteringavocationalsecondaryschool.Vocationalschoolsofferprogramsrangingfromtwotofouryearsandtrainmedium-levelskilledworkers,farmers,andmanag