A Fundamental Technique in Handling People

AFundamentalTechniqueinHandlingPeopleDaleCarnegie•retainvt.保持,保留,记住,聘请•e.g.Hisspeechcouldnotretaintheinterestofhisaudience.•e.g.Iwillretainmyright.•applyto:对……适用•e.g.Thislawdoesnotapplytothepresentsituation.•applyto:向某机构提出申请•e.g.Youhavetoapplytotheschoolauthorities.•applyfor:为某事提出申请•e.g.Doyouknowhowtoapplyforascholarship?•putsbonthedefensive:tomakesbtrytodefendhimselffromattacksorcriticism•strivevi.attemptbyemployingeffort;toexertmucheffortorenergy奋斗,努力,力求,斗争•e.g.Thescientistsstriveforabreakthroughincancerresearch.•Weshouldallstrivetoreunifythemotherland.•justifyvt.showtobereasonableorprovideadequategroundfor;showtoberightbyprovidingjustificationorproof替,证明...正当,•adjustthespacesbetweenwords调整版面•e.g.Nothingcanjustifyyourcheatingonanexam.•rightjustify右端顶满leftjustify左对齐•justificationn.辩护,正当的理由•arousev.callforth(emotions,feelings,andresponses);stopsleeping;causetobecomeawakeorconscious•叫醒,唤醒,激起,睡醒•e.g.Hefellintoasoundsleep,don'tarousehim.•Thesloganwasdesigndtoarousethepeople.•Hissufferingsarousedoursympathy.•arouse与rouse的不同：rouse:较正式用词，用主动语态时，强调弄醒别人的努力，用被动语态时，指轻而易举地醒过来。可用于引申意义。•arouse:除表示一般的唤醒外，多作引申用。•arouse主要指唤起引起无形的东西,通常与fear，curiosity等抽象名词连用。•e.g.Thisarousedmysuspicion.•rouse则常以具体的人或动物为对象，指把某人叫醒，引起某人的兴趣。•e.g.Theprofessor'sspeechfailedtorousehisaudience.•arousesympathy引起同情•arouseattention唤起注意•arousecuriosity引起好奇心•arouseconcern引起关注／忧虑•arousesuspicions引起怀疑•arousepity引起同情•arousediscussion引起议论•arousecriticism引起批评•arousehatred引起憎恶•arouseresistance激起反抗•as…aspossible:ifwhatfollowsthefirstasisanounmodifiedbyanadjective,thenthearticleashouldbeplacedbeforethenoun•exhaustive:是形容词，意为“完全的”、“彻底的”（thoroughorcomplete），与之经常搭配的词有work、inquiries、research、investigation、treatment等。•Thisisapieceofexhaustivework.•这是一部完美的作品。•Thepolicearemakinganexhaustiveinvestigationofthecrime.•exhausting:是现在分词，作形容词使用，义：“使竭尽的”、“使疲惫的”（tomakeemptyortireout）。与之经常搭配使用的词有day、job、task、experiment等。•Thisisapieceofexhaustingwork.•Ajourneythroughthemountainsisexhausting.•exhausted是过去分词，意为“空竭的”、“疲惫的”（fatiguedortired），用作表语形容词，放在连系动词之后。•Aftertakingpartinthecleaningcampaign，thechildrenweremuchexhausted.•indulgevt.迁就,纵情于,放任vi.放纵自己于indulgein沉溺于,纵情于...e.g.Henolongerindulgedhimselfinsmoking.ridicule['ridikju:l]n.嘲笑,愚弄,笑柄v.嘲笑,愚弄e.g.Tochoosesuchalineofworkistoinviteridicule.ridiculousadj.荒谬的,可笑的•practicinglawyer见习律师.,开业律师•attorney[ə'tə:ni]n.(辩护)律师...主要用于美国，指代理当事人处理遗嘱检验等法律事务的律师，有时可与lawyer通用，泛指辩护律师•solicitor[sə'lisitə;sə'lisətə]n.aBritishlawyerwhogiveslegaladviceandprepareslegaldocuments律师•barrister['bæristə]n.出庭律师(在英国有资格出席高等法院进行辩护)•oncetoooften又一次.•e.g.Heexceededthespeedlimitoncetoooftenandwasfined￡10.•You'veletmedownoncetoooftenandIshallnottrustyou.•roarwithlaughter哄堂大笑•roarwithpain痛苦地号叫•roarwithrage咆哮如雷;愤怒地吼叫•indignation[.indig'neiʃən]n.afeelingofrighteousanger愤怒,愤慨,义愤(较正式用词，指出于正义或对不公正之事而发出的愤怒)e.g.Iexpressedmyindignationatbeingunfairlydismissed.boiledwithindignation怒火中烧。beindignantwithsb.对某人感到愤慨.•challengen.挑战,邀请比赛,盘问,质疑•v.向,盘问,质疑•challengesb/sth•e.g.Ididnotthinkhewasright,soIchallengedhim.•Newcompetitorsareemergingtochallengetheoldeconomicarrangements.•challengesbtosth要求某人做某事•e.g.Hechallengedmetoadebate.•challengesbtoaduel,agameoftennis•challengesbtodosth•e.g.Neverchallengeafooltodowrong.•risetothechallengevi.接受挑战(应付某种复杂局面)•takeupthechallengevi.应战•fighttothedeath:fightuntiloneiskilled•stabsbtodeath•starvesbtodeath•boresbtodeath•whipsbtodeath•stonesb.todeath•thrustsb.todeath将某人戳死•frightensb.todeath把某人吓得要死.1.invaluableadj.无价的,非常珍贵的•valuableadj.贵重的,宝贵的•pricelessadj.无价的2.valuelessadj.无价值的,不值钱的,不足道的•worthlessadj.无价值的,无用的,可鄙的•blundern.大错•e.g.Hemadeablunderinfrontofhisgirlfriend.•v.失策,绊倒,弄糟•e.g.Thebestworkmansometimesblunder.•pacethefloor•pacetheroom在房间里踱来踱去•incompetentadj.无能力的,不称职的,不能胜任的•n.没有能力的人•incompetencen.无能力,不合格,不能胜任•malicen.feelinganeedtoseeotherssuffer恶意,怨恨,蓄意•maliciousadj.怀恶意的,恶毒的•holdone'speacev.闭口不说•holdone'stongue保持沉默.•Judgenot,thatyebenotjudged.(Para5)勿对人非议，以免自己受非议。•ThisiswritteninarchaicEnglish.InmodernEnglishwewillsayDonotjudgeothers,sothatyouwillnotbejudgedbythem.•ye英[ji:]pron.古你•archaic英[ɑ:'keiik;ɑ:'keik]•adj.已不通用的,古老的,古代的•occasionn.场合,时机,理由,机会,盛大场面•e.g.Therewasnooccasionforyoutobesorude.•vt.引起,致使•e.g.Stephen'sbehaviouroccasionedhisparentsmuchanxiety.•onoccasion偶尔,有时•ontheoccasionof值此...之际...•risetotheoccasion应付自如•occasionaladj.偶然的,临时的,不时的•occasionallyadv.偶尔地•retreatn.撤退,改变,隐居处•v.pullbackormoveawayorbackward•撤退,改变,退避,缩回象棋的棋子•retire/retreat/withdraw•retire:指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。•retreat:含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。•withdraw:侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队的撤退。••delugen.大洪水,暴雨,泛滥•e.g.Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.•v.泛滥,大量涌入•e.g.Weadvertisedthejobandweredelugedwithapplications.•surgen.汹涌,波涛,猛增•e.g.Oilwastheprimecauseofthepricesurge.•v.汹涌,涌起,激增•e.g.Angersurgedupwithinhim.•procrastinatev.•postponedoingwhatoneshouldbedoing•postponeordelayneedlessly•延迟,拖延,耽搁delaypostponedefersuspendprolongputoff•delay:普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。•postpone:正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。•defer:正式用词，语气强于postpone，多指故意拖延。•suspend:指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。•prolong[prə'lɔŋ]:指把时间延长至超过正常或通常的限