基于PLC的桥式起重机控制系统的设计终稿

学科分类号：____08____湖南人文科技学院本科生毕业设计题目：基于PLC的桥式起重机控制系统设计学生姓名：刘阳学号09421335系部：通信与控制工程系专业年级：自动化2009级指导教师：赵志刚职称：助教湖南人文科技学院教务处制湖南人文科技学院本科毕业设计诚信声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的本科毕业设计，是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果，成果不存在知识产权争议，除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本设计不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。作者签名：二○年月日湖南人文科技学院毕业设计I基于PLC的桥式起重机控制系统设计摘要：传统的桥式起重机采用继电器和串电阻调速作为主控制器及调速方式，面对现代工作生产中起重机的频繁起动、制动、反转、变速等操作容易因机械疲劳造成结构开裂、器件更换频繁等问题。本设计是基于PLC的桥式起重机控制系统，控制系统选取西门子公司的S7-200系列PLC作为控制器实现对起重机大车、小车、主钩及副钩的起动、停止、反向运动等一系列控制，在速度调控方面采用安川VS-616G5变频器对各机构进行变频调速。系统中还设计了完善的运行指示模块，操作人员能够清晰直观的监测起重机各部位运行情况。通过本设计的一系列功能，在性能上提高了桥式起重机工作效率、扩大了调速范围，经济上提高了桥式起重机的使用寿命、减少了损耗，在安全方面提高了金属结构、机构和电气设备的可靠性，保证了作业安全。关键字：桥式起重机；变频调速；S7-200湖南人文科技学院毕业设计IIDesignofControlSystemofBridgeCraneBasedonPLCAbstract：Bridgecranewithtraditionalrelayandseriesresistancespeedasthemaincontrollerandspeedcontrolmode,thefaceoffrequentcranemodernworkproductioninstarting,braking,reverse,speedandeasyoperationduetomechanicalfatiguecrackingcausedbyfrequentreplacement,devicestructureetc..ThedesignofcontrolsystemofbridgecranecontrolsystembasedonPLC,selectionofSiemenscompanyS7-200seriesPLCascontrollerofcrane,trolley,themainhookandtheauxiliaryhookstart,stop,reversemovementandaseriesofcontrolinspeedregulation,useANCHUANVS-616G5seriesinvertervariablefrequencyspeedcontrolofeachmechanism.Thesystemisdesignedtoimprovetheoperationindicationmodule,theoperatorcanmonitorthecranepartsofclearandintuitiveoperation.Throughaseriesoffunctionsofthedesign,theperformanceimprovestheworkefficiency,enlargethespeedrangeofbridgecrane,economicincreasetheservicelifeofthebridgecrane,thelossisreduced,thesafetyaspectsofimprovingreliabilityofmetalstructure,andelectricalequipment,ensuretheoperationsafety.KeyWords：Bridgecrane;Frequencycontrol;S7-200湖南人文科技学院毕业设计III目录第一章绪论................................................................................................................11.1桥式起重机的研究背景...................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状...............................................................................................11.2.1国内发展现状.........................................................................................11.2.2国外发展现状.........................................................................................21.3本课题的研究目的和意义...............................................................................3第2章基于PLC桥式起重机控制系统的总体设计..................................................42.1桥式起重机的工作原理...................................................................................42.2系统方案设计...................................................................................................52.3电机的选型.......................................................................................................62.4变频器的选型...................................................................................................72.5辅助器件的选择...............................................................................................8第3章控制系统的硬件设计....................................................................................103.1电气图.............................................................................................................103.2PLC的选型.....................................................................................................113.2.1主控器的选型......................................................................................113.2.2扩展模块的选型..................................................................................123.3系统I/O分配.................................................................................................123.4控制系统的硬件接线图.................................................................................15第4章基于PLC桥式起重机机控制系统的软件设计............................................164.1编程软件的介绍............................................................................................164.2系统流程图的设计.........................................................................................164.2.1系统主流程图.......................................................................................164.2.2运行机构流程图...................................................................................174.2.3起升机构流程图...................................................................................184.3梯形图设计.....................................................................................................194.3.1大车电机的控制..................................................................................19湖南人文科技学院毕业设计IV4.3.2大车抱闸系统的控制...........................................................................19第5章总结与展望....................................................................................................215.1总结.................................................................................................................215.2展望.................................................................................................................21致谢.............................................