2010届高考英语专题复习课件――语法综合

•2010年高考英语•复习精讲精练课件名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做------宾语从句在句中做------表语从句在句中做------同位语从句在句中-----主语宾语表语同位语1.Thathewillcomeiscertain.2.Iknowthathewillcome.3.ThetruthisthatIhavebeenthere.4.Thefactthatshewaslatesurprisedus.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句1.为什么叫名词性从句？_______________________整个从句相当于一个名词比较:Themanlookedaround.Thattheboyfailedagainintheexamdisappointedhismother.同样作主语，从句可以表示较复杂的含义,一般是个动作或性质Iknowhim.Iknowthatheiswritinghiscompositioninhisroom2.为什么要有名词性从句？那人看了看四周.(名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句的特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句的一个成分(that除外)名词能做的成分,从句都能做从句表达的意思比名词复杂得多主语从句thatwhetherwhowhomwhosewhatwhichwhenwherewhyhow从句引导词:1.ThatheknowsJapaneseisknowntoall.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.3.Whenhewillcomeisunknown.4.Whetherheiscomingdoesn’tmattermuch.他来不来没什么要紧的他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.5.Itremainsasecrethowtheyclimbedupthemountain.主语从句的位置1.在句首2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用It主语太长了!放到句尾DetailsDetailsDetailsDetailsThat无词义,不可省略What“什么”,“所….的”2.Whatsurprisedmewastoseehimhere.When“什么时候”主语从句不用if位于句首It作主语的常用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that从句2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity..)+that从句3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought..)+that从句4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen..)+that从句Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.碰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试肯定会考好.4.据说他已告诉了她一切.注意:Itlookedthathewasright.(×)可以说:Itlooksasif….happen只有it句型Itissaid只有it句型More用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构1.Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat…很清楚（必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)…2.Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews…)that…事实是(好事是,好消息是…)…3.Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that…众所周知(据报道,,据记载,据说,据估计)…4.Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears…)that…结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是…)…5.Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that…已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出)…用it句型翻译:1.据说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了所有的任务.3.碰巧他们已经参加过军训了.4.众所周知,比尔·盖茨是世界上最富有的人.5.我们应该养成好的学习习惯这很重要.ItissaidthattheSeniorGradeonestudentswilllearnanewtextthisyear.Itisafactthattheyfinishedalltheworkbythemselves.Ithappenedthattheyhadhadtheirmilitarytraining.Itiswell-knownthatBillGatesistherichestpersonintheworld.→→→→→Itisimportantthatwe(should)formagoodhabitofstudying.Note:Itisimportant/necessary/natural/ourduty/essential/strangethatsb(should)dosth.固定句型,should可以省略翻译:真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.Itisstrangethatheshouldbelatetoday.strange不省略should为好√√表语从句从句同主语从句(11个),外加asif/引导词:asthough,1.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeentothecountryside.2.ThequestioniswhetherwcanfinishtheexperimentbyFriday.3.Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain.实际情况是他从未去过农村.that一般不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项实验.表语从句不用if好象看上去要下雨似的.(其实不会)asif/asthough从句常表示不真实的情况Shetalksasif/asthoughshehadbeentherebefore.她说话的口气好象以前去过那儿似的.又比如:4.Thisschoolisnolongerwhatitwasbefore.这所学校已不再是从前的那个样子了.what=thethingthatMore系动词后面注意下列表语从句中where,how,why的译法1.ThisiswhereLuXunoncelived.2.Thatwashowtheywonthematch.3.Thisiswhyshegotupsoearlythismorning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方.他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的.这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方.Thisis/Thatwashowweovercamethedifficulties.Thatiswhyhewasabsentyesterday.ThisiswherewemetlastSunday.Thisis总是现在时Thatis表示性质Thatwas指过去动作固定句型:Thisiswhere…Thisiswhy…Thisishow….这就是…的地方这就是…的原因这就是…的方法宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：•（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；•（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。•（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句•Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.•Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.宾语从句whether与if的辨用•表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。•a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether1.Idoubtif/whetherhewillpasstheexam.2.Idon’tdoubtthatwewillwinthematch.3.Doyoudoubtthathediditonhisown?doubt问题肯定句中用if/whether否定句中用that疑定句中用that1.Idoubt_________heistellingthetruth.2.Weneverdoubt_________theplanwillbecarriedout.3.Doeshedoubt_________youarefromAustria?4.I’mdoubtful_________hewillagreetothis.if/whetherthatthatif/whether宾语从句经常做介词的宾语1.TheSwedestoodstill,except_____hislipsmovedslightly.2.Sheisnotsatisfiedwith____shehasachieved.3.Maryalwaysthinksof____shecandomorefortheclass.4.Hewrotealetterofthanksto______helpedhim.(任何一个)5.Itdependsonifwehaveenoughtime.whetherwehaveenoughtime.介词后面不用ifthatwhathowwhoever6.Areyousorryforwhichyouhavedone?whatyouhavedone?介词后面不用which宾语从句经常作表语形容词的宾语1.I’mafraid(that)I’llbelate.2.Weweresurprisedthathelostthegame.我恐怕要迟到了.that可以省略我们对他在比赛中的失败感到惊异.此类表语形容词有:afraidpleasedhappysatisfiedanxioussuresurprisedcertaingladaware用它们造句that从句只跟在except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面M1.Wethinkthatmiddleschoolstudentsmasteroneforeignlanguagepossible.(改用形式宾语it)2.Wehavemadethataforeignlanguageisusefulweaponinthestruggleoflifeclear.(改用形式宾语it)我认为学好英语是必要的.IconsiderthatweshouldlearnEnglishwellnecessary.Weconsiderhersuitableforthejob.宾语宾补considerfindthinkfeelmake等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语it,宾语从句放到